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Regarding Prayer before Football Games by Jim Ehrhard

An Honest, Biblical Response

This past year, the Supreme Court banned prayer before High School football games.  Many Christians have spoken in very pious terms about this action, calling it an evidence of persecution of Christians and advocating that Christians stand up for their rights by praying the Lord’s Prayer immediately after the National Anthem.  Christian radio stations tout such an approach as a way to “obey God rather than obeying man.  Such approaches are wrong theologically and historically.  However, the issue is emotionally charged.  Every time I mention this, I am accused of not being willing to stand for my Lord and of not being an evangelical Christian who cares about the gospel.  But we must be biblical in our responses, not cultural.  Some of the greatest mistakes made by the evangelical church historically have been when we have confused cultural values with biblical commands.  Please consider the following:

  1. The Bible never mentions praying before football games (or any other sporting event).  When we stand for Christ (obeying God rather than obey men), we must make sure that we are doing something that God has indeed commanded.  To pray before a football game is never commanded (though it may be permitted).
  2. We need to be logical rather than emotional.  While prayer at football games has been traditional, prayer at basketball games, baseball games, track meets, etc. has not.  Why is football so important to merit public prayer before games and other sports not?  What upsets many here is not the violation of a biblical principle (that God tells us to pray before sporting events), but the violation of a tradition that has little to nothing to do with true spirituality.  Most of the prayers prayed at football games are not spiritual but ceremonial, and often led by ministers who have nothing to do with the gospel.  This should concern us more than the Supreme Court’s decision to ban such prayers.
  3. To call this ban “persecution” is to minimize the sufferings of those who are truly persecuted for the preaching of the gospel.  It is to make prayer before football games as important as the preaching of the gospel.  First century Christians would be shocked to hear us call this persecution.  They were not permitted to meet together for services or to tell neighbors about the gospel—they would have thought it laughable if the Roman government had decided to rule against prayer before the games in the coliseum.  Don’t praise God for those who “stand up for the Lord in the face of persecution” by chanting a rote prayer before a football game.  It’s not even in the same league, so to speak.
  4. Furthermore, we should question the praying of a prayer that Jesus never told us to pray (The Lord’s Prayer).  He told His disciples to “pray after this manner.”  In the history of the Christian Church, those who used the Lord’s Prayer in such a rote fashion were the ones who most frequently persecuted the evangelical church.  Even today, the most liberal of churches pray the Lord’s Prayer every Sunday and we would not consider their ritual action to have anything to do with true prayer.  We must be careful about joining in such actions that have no biblical basis.
  5. Finally, we are commanded to honor our government and obey its laws unless those laws clearly contradict a command of God.  If the issue were preventing the gospel from being shared (as it was in Acts 4), then we should be willing, not only to go to jail for sharing the gospel, but even be willing to go to our death.  In this case, however, we do not have such an issue.  Instead, we are demonstrating to the world a rebellious spirit that does not witness for the Lord at all.  Consider the opposite.  What if the government had ruled that no Moslem prayers could be prayed, and following the national anthem, groups of Moslems stood up and defiantly chanted their prayers to “demonstrate their freedom” to obey God—would we praise such actions?  Not at all.  Christians everywhere would be offended and would call such actions rebellious (and probably demand that school authorities remove the Moslems from our games).  This is why we must be certain that our actions really do “obey” God rather that satisfy our cultural or traditional desires.

I normally do not respond to such issues but this is a serious one that is emotionally charged (I think because in many cities, football is almost as sacred as Christianity).  As believers, we need to make certain that we do stand for the Lord—where He has required—and not waste our energy and destroy our witness on issues that have nothing to do with the gospel.

I hope you will read this with understanding and search the Scriptures to see if these things are true.

Jim Ehrhard, Teaching Resources International

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Falling Away by Jim Ehrhard

Fear has the power to paralyze. If you’ve ever been alone on a dark night and heard an unusual sound, you know how paralyzing fear can be. One pastor remarked: “Fear is the devil’s scarecrow to keep us out of God’s corn.”

The Israelites came to the edge of the Promised Land. They set spies into the land who returned with a fearful report. Rather than move forward into a land of milk and honey, the Israelites were paralyzed at Kadesh-Barnea.

Nothing should be more fearful than the possible loss of one’s salvation. Yet many believers live in constant fear that, one day, they might lose their salvation through some act or lifestyle of disobedience. The writer of Hebrews believed that Jesus’ death removed any such fear for believers: “He shared like wise in the same, that through death He might destroy him who had the power of death, that is, the devil, and release those who through the fear of death were all their lifetime subject to bondage” (Hebrews 2:14-15). In other words, Jesus’ death on the cross should lead to assurance in His completed work, not to continued fear.

But whenever the issue of assurance is raised, someone always retorts, “Yea, but what about Hebrews 6?” Many see in Hebrews 6:4-6 a passage providing air-tight proof that one can lose his salvation. I once believed that. In fact, my whole theology of the loss of salvation revolved, in particular around that one passage. However, while preaching through the Book of Hebrews, I came to realize that the context did not support my interpretation. Hebrews 6 is not about the loss of salvation; it is about the security of true believers.

The Context of Hebrews 6

First, let’s consider the context of the Book of Hebrews. The first thing we notice is that it is written to Jewish believers considering returning to their Jewish rituals to find their security. Their situation is similar to that of the Galatians who wanted to add their Jewish rituals to the work of Jesus on the cross. Paul reminded the Galatians that those who take such an approach are “fallen from grace.”

Here the writer of Hebrews reminds the Jews of the foolishness of returning to something inferior (the old law and Jewish rituals). In Chapter 3, he reminds them that Jesus the Son is greater than Moses the Servant. In Hebrews 7-9, he shows them the particular ways in which this new covenant is “a better covenant” than the old covenant. “Why seek assurance of salvation through something that is inferior to what you have in Jesus?” is the idea that the writer sets forth.

The second thing we notice are warnings about “not entering into God’s rest.” Here the writer uses the experience of the Israelites at Kadesh-Barnea to illustrate the results of “drawing back.” Their punishment was that they wandered in the wilderness instead of entering into the Promised Land. Many have interpreted this to mean that believers who do not press on lose their salvation: the Israelites did not enter the Promised Land – these believers will not enter Heaven.

But such an interpretation hangs on the fact that the typology is correct. Is the Promised Land synonymous with Heaven? We know it is in Negro spirituals but is it here in Hebrews? The typology is this: all who did not enter the Promised Land are types of all who do not enter heaven. While most today might not see any problem with that reasoning, any Jew would consider your conclusion ridiculous. After all, one very important person who left Egypt with these Israelites also failed to make it to the Promised Land: Moses. If these are examples of unbelievers who did not gain heaven (the Promised Land), then what is Moses?

Surely you see the problem. Surely there must be another typology present in the writer’s mind. There is. Elsewhere in the New Testament, the Red Sea is seen as the picture of passing from death into life. Indeed, in 1 Corinthians 10:2, Paul reminds the Corinthians that “all [who] passed through the sea, all were baptized into Moses.” If you asked an Israelite, “When was Israel saved?”, they would respond, “When we passed through the Sea.” Not, when they entered the Promised Land.

What, then, is the Promised Land a picture of? Jesus promised believers that they would not only have life, but “have it more abundantly.” In other words, the Christian life is designed to be a life overflowing with “milk and honey.” Many through fear, disobedience, and unbelief fail to enter into that life. Instead of enjoying the blessings of their relationship with the Lord in this life, they wander aimlessly just as Israel did in the wilderness.

The third observation from the context of Hebrews supports this interpretation. Be careful to notice what these believers are in danger of losing. Is it their salvation? In Hebrews 6:9, the writer says they could lose “things that accompany salvation.” In other places (Hebrews 6:12 and 10:34-36, for example), tells them that they will lose “rewards” and “promises” not salvation.

Second, let’s consider the context of Hebrews 6 itself. In the passage that precedes (Hebrews 5:12-6:3), the issue is a failure to grow as a believer. If Hebrews 6:4-6 is about losing salvation, then we would need to warn people that fail to grow and become teachers that they will lose their salvation! (That may be great for Sunday School recruitment but it is terrible theology.) In the section that follows (Hebrews 6:7-20), the focus is on assurance. In verse 10, the writer notes that God will not forget to reward us for the things we have done in ministry. In verse 11, he desires that every reader come to a “full assurance” of salvation which is not possible in the theologies that teach you can lose your salvation. In verses 13-20, the writer concludes this section by pointing to the basis for assurance – not our deeds, but God’s promise and Jesus” finished work.

Issues in Hebrews 6

Three initial questions arise as we consider Hebrews 6. First, are those who “fall away” believers or non-believers? Many evangelicals have attempted to ignore this warning by claiming it was written about non-believers. Someone has said that it referred to “professors of eternal life, not possessors of eternal life.” Puritan John Owen and Baptist preacher John Gill interpreted it to refer to those who were “externally” believers, not internally believers.

However, neither the context nor the passage will allow such an interpretation. Note the use of “we” in verse 3. The writer seems to include himself in these categories. When we read the list of descriptions given in verses 4-5, we would naturally conclude that the writer is referring to believers. Indeed, Charles Spurgeon notes about these verses: “If the Holy Spirit intended to describe Christians, I do not see that he could have used more explicit terms than these are here.”

The second question relates to the issue of losing salvation. To begin with, the passage does not mention salvation. It states that it is “impossible to renew them to repentance.” While repentance is clearly required for salvation, it would be wrong to equate every use of the word as being salvation. Indeed, the New Testament makes it clear that even believers need to repent continually. Beyond that, the language of verse 6 could be translated in one of two ways: “It is impossible to renew them to repentance since they crucify…” or “while they crucify…” Hence, the writer could be indicating not a permanent condition (since) but rather a condition that will not change as long as the believer remains in this state (while).

If interpreted as the loss of salvation, these verses present a number of theological problems. In verse 4, the writer of Hebrews mentions the “gift” but, if it is not truly free, then is it truly a gift? Secondly, there is the question of the role of God in salvation. Again, the writer of Hebrews alludes to his understanding that the issue of security lies with God. In verse 3, he notes that we can press on “if God permits.” In other words, we have a part to play in our growth, but ultimately it all rests in God’s hands. In Philippians 2:12-13, we see the same tension: “Work out [not work for] your own salvation, for it is God which worketh in you, both to will and to do, for His good pleasure.”

To interpret this passage as losing salvation, one must also question what God has said regarding His “keeping power.” In verses like Philippians 1:6 and 1 Peter 1:5, God indicates His power and willingness to keep those who are His. The writer of Hebrews also taught that the security of our salvation rested not on us but on the prayers of Jesus for us (see Hebrews 7:25). If one who is saved becomes lost, then Jesus is shown to be ineffective in His praying for us.

The final question to be raised relates to the issue of apostasy or falling away that we discussed in the previous article. What is it that the passage indicates they fall away from? Salvation is not mentioned in the passage. The context suggests that the writer is warning about the failure of believers to press on in Christian growth and service. They have fallen away, not from salvation, but from pressing on to be what they have been called to be.

Evidences of Falling Away

Before we leave this passage, we must ask what is the warning given so that we may heed it ourselves today.

Three evidences of one who is falling away are given in the last verses of Chapter 5. Not Hearing the Word is one evidence (vs. 11). The writer says they have become dull of hearing. Like those who no longer hear the passing train after years of living by the tracks, these readers had become dull to the word of God. They sit in congregations week after week and hear the Word but it no longer impacts their lives as it once did because they have become dull of hearing.

A second evidence is Not Growing (vv. 12-13). Here the writer says that they ought to be teachers. While they have been taught much, they have not grown to the point that they are able to teach others. Instead, they continually need to be taught the simple things again and again. The illustration used by the writer compares milk with their intake of God’s Word. To understand this word picture, we must be reminded of what milk is to babies. In simple terms, it is pre-digested food. The baby is unable to chew and digest for itself so the mother eats the food and gives nourishment to the child through her milk.

There is nothing wrong with milk for nourishment when you are a baby. But as one gets older, they need to eat for themselves. Believers in danger of falling away are those who still depend solely upon milk (predigested teaching of God’s Word) for their nourishment. they should be able to eat (enjoy God’s Word) for themselves but they can not. They continue to rely on others for all they receive.

Such is the sad state of most Sunday Christians. The only nourishment they receive from the Bible is a Sunday morning sermon or Bible class. The rest of the week, their Bibles sit untouched while their souls go unnourished. They ought to be teachers by now but instead someone has to keep teaching them. Such are in danger of falling away.

The third evidence of falling away is Not Practicing. In Hebrews 5:14, the writer distinguishes between those that are “trained” and those that are not. Those who have trained themselves have done so by putting what they have learned into practice. Those in danger of falling away are those who hear but never practice what they have been taught. This concern was made even more clear in Hebrews 2:1: “Therefore we must give the more earnest heed to the things which we have heard, lest we drift away.”

The Effects of Falling Away

The writer also suggests three effects of this condition. First, those who are in danger of falling away have No Building. In Hebrews 6:1, he speaks of laying a foundation in believer’s lives. Paul uses a similar analogy in 1 Corinthians 3:9-13.

What a sad state is used to describe these believers. They have the foundation (Jesus) but live in a house with no walls or roof. No wonder the Christian life is frustrating for them. They have not built anything upon that foundation. When the storms of life beat upon them, they have no protection (compare Matthew 7:24-27).

Second, these have No Witness. Hebrews 6:6 describes the shame that such a one causes the Lord Jesus. Rather than being a light pointing to Jesus, these are continually putting Jesus to “an open shame.”

A story is told about Peter escaping a Roman prison during the persecutions under Nero. As Peter is fleeing out of Rome, he is surprised to see Jesus going into Rome. He stopped Jesus and asked: “My Lord, where are you going?” Jesus replied,” I’m going to Rome to die in your place.” With that, Peter turned around, returned to Rome, and died a martyr’s death on a cross. However, when the time came to be crucified, Peter asked to be crucified upside down, saying, “I am not worthy to die as my Lord died.” When believers do not press on to live for the Lord, they fall away, and “crucify again for themselves the Son of God and put Him to an open shame.”

No Fruit is the third effect of falling away. In verses 7-8, the writer of Hebrews gives an illustration of what he has referred to in Hebrews 6:4-6. There he pictures two plots of ground. Both receive the same rain but they produce different results. One produces fruits useful to the one who cultivates (the Lord); the other produces thorns and briars.

The effects of falling away are serious. They result in believers having no building, no witness, and no fruit.

End Results

Verses 7 and 8 also speak of the end results of theses two types of lives. The one that goes on to maturity is “useful” to the Lord and thereby “receives blessing from God.” The second that falls back and bears only thorns and briars receives a burning.

The Scriptures speak of two types of burnings. One is for eternity; the other is for testing and purifying. In 1 Corinthians 3:14-15, the apostle Paul describes the burning of testing. There he makes it clear that we will all experience this fire but that some whose works are nothing but wood, hay and straw, will find their deeds completely consumed on that final day. But what will be the eternal result of this burning? Will they lose their salvation? No, Paul clearly states that, though they will suffer loss, “they will be saved though as through fire.”

The writer of Hebrews seems to be speaking of that same type of burning in Hebrews 6. Notice carefully the words he uses. The ground is not cursed (which might indicate a loss of salvation) but “near to being cursed.” And “its end is for burning.” In other words, God will not take their salvation away, but will expose the sum of their lives to His fire. An even if all is lost (1 Corinthians 3), they will not be lost.

Copyright Jim Ehrhard, 1999. You are permitted to reproduce and distribute this material in any format provided that: (1) you credit the author; (2) any modifications are clearly marked; (3) you do not charge a fee beyond the cost of reproduction; and (4) you do not make more than 100 copies without permission. If you would like to post this material to your web site or make any use other than as defined above, please contact Teaching Resources International

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John 3: Born Again? by Jim Ehrhard

Of all the phrases from the Bible, no phrase has been misused and misunderstood in our time as the phrase, “born again.” It has been used in politics to describe a candidate that has been given “new life” politically. It has been used to speak of an athlete’s career, recovered from seeming certain failure. It has been used to describe all sorts of things that have nothing to do with its Biblical usage.

But worse that this, it has come to mean a group of people who have professed a faith that has had little or no impact on their lives. We hear about the “born again vote” which includes a great number who have evangelical and conservative persuasions but know little or nothing about saving faith. Indeed, Gallop polls have revealed the sad state of the “born again” community. While as many as 70% claim to be “born again,” far less than 50% of these even regularly attend church. When their lifestyles are examined, they look little different than any moral non-believer. In fact, some moral non-believers live better lifestyles than many “born again” believers!

What are we to think about all this. First, an examination of John 3 indicates that many who call themselves “born again” do not fit the description that Jesus gives in John 3. Second, an inadequate view of the work of the Spirit in salvation has led many to think that they are “born again” when they are not.

Let’s examine a few of these considerations. First, notice that religious experience or orthodox belief do not qualify anyone for heaven. When Nicodemus approaches Jesus, he is stunned by Jesus’ initial statement. To a man who was very religious and well schooled in “the truth,” Jesus unashamedly proclaims: “Unless you are born again, you cannot even see the kingdom of heaven.”

Quite often religious people will agree that drug addicts and prostitutes need to be “born again” because they need a new start in life. But here Jesus makes it clear that every man, woman and child, even the most religious, needs more than their own efforts to gain heaven. They must be “born again.” All their good deeds and religious activities will never be sufficient to gain them heaven.

This is made even more clear by the language Jesus uses. He notes: “Ye must be born again.” This experience is not optional. Anything less is not sufficient. That was Jesus’ word to Nicodemus; it is His word to all of us today: “Ye must be born again.”

Why is this so necessary? Can’t one “clean up his act”? Can’t we resolve to do better in the future? Surely all the good we do now must count for something. Such confusion is not unique. Nicodemus faced the same confusion. Jesus explained why this new birth was so essential: “Flesh gives birth to flesh, but the Spirit gives birth to spirit.” Jesus is reminding us that sinful nature can only produce sinful nature. J.C. Ryle wrote:

There is no self-curative power in man. He will always go on reproducing himself. To become spiritual and fit for communion with God, nothing less is required than the entrance of the spirit of God into our hearts. In one word, we must have the new birth of the spirit which our Lord twice described to Nicodemus.

This brings us to our second conclusion: Only those born of the Spirit can enter into heaven. Today, the role of the Spirit in salvation has been reduced. According the the Scriptures, it is the Spirit who brings conviction of sin (John 16:8-11), changes our hearts (Ezk. 36:26-27), calls us to God (John 6:44,65), and makes us new creatures in Christ (2 Cor. 5:17). Many today teach that the Spirit’s role is merely a passive one: He cannot cause us to be born again until we first do something. But Jesus tells Nicodemus that, until he is born again, he cannot even see the kingdom of heaven much less enter it.

All of this takes place when we are born again. Our new birth gives us a new heart that desires to follow Jesus and obey Him (Ezk. 36:26-27). Our new birth gives us new eyes which cause us to “see” those things that we did not “see” before (1 Cor. 2:14). The Spirit of God is not passive in our salvation, waiting for us to make the first move. He is active, changing us from sinful creatures with no desire to follow Christ to new creatures that flee to Jesus for salvation. Without His initial work in our lives, we cannot enter the kingdom of heaven, indeed, we do not even desire to do so.

This truth is also obvious by the analogy of the new birth. For instance, in our physical birth, we contributed nothing. It was the result of a process initiated by our parents. All the wishing or efforts on our part could do nothing to bring about our physcial birth. The same is true in spiritual birth. God must initiate the process. We can contribute nothing to it. This is why John reminds us in his first epistle: “We love Him because He first loved us” (1 John 4:19). It is why John states that “as many as received Him, He gave the right to become the children of God, even to those who believe on His name, who were born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God” (John 1:12-13). Our birth comes from “above.” It begins with the work of His Spirit changing us into new creatures.

Finally, John 3 reminds us that all who claim to be “born again” are not. In verse 8, Jesus explains to Nicodemus that the new birth is like the wind. Though it cannot be seen, we know it is there by evidences it produces. Jesus tells Nicodemus: “So is everyone that is born of the Spirit.” In other words, though we cannot see when the Spirit of God causes one to be born again, there will be evidences of spiritual life in that person. That’s why Paul says, “If any man is in Christ, he is a new creation….” If there is no change, there has been no new birth. Many claim to be born again because they prayed a prayer or walked the aisle or made a decision but they have had no change in their lives. They do not even have any desire to follow Jesus, but they are sure they are “born again.” Jesus tells Nicodemus that everyone born of the Spirit has evidence in their lives of the life of God in them.

How can one be born again? Obviously, it is first and foremost the sovereign work of God. However, the Scriptures indicate that God has chosen to use His Word to bring new life. 1 Peter 1:23 tells us that we have “been born again, not of corruptible seed but incorruptible, through the word of God which lives and abides forever.” Paul notes the same: “So then faith comes by hearing, and hearing by the word of God” (Romans 10:17). If you want to be instrumental in seeing people come to faith, then major on the Word of God. God uses His Word to produce new life.

This new birth is essential to eternal life. Someone put it this way, “Born once, die twice; born twice, die once.” Jesus said, “You must be born again.” Nothing else will do. Without a physical birth, you could have no physical existence. Without a spiritual birth, you will have no spiritual life. “Do not marvel that I said to you, `You must be born again.’”

Copyright Jim Ehrhard, 1999. You are permitted to reproduce and distribute this material in any format provided that: (1) you credit the author; (2) any modifications are clearly marked; (3) you do not charge a fee beyond the cost of reproduction; and (4) you do not make more than 100 copies without permission. If you would like to post this material to your web site or make any use other than as defined above, please contact Teaching Resources International

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Satisfied? by Jim Ehrhard

When the question of our need of revival in our lives comes, many feel that we are doing okay. But perhaps the most telling sign that we need revival is what someone has called our “attention deficit.” According to Deuteronomy 8, the time of our greatest danger as a people is whenever we forget God in the midst of our prosperity. Whenever we come to the place when “we have eaten and are satisfied,” we are in desperate need of revival.

Churches in times of difficulty are zealous for the Lord. They live near to Him because they know that, apart from Him, they “can do nothing.” Such is not the case for churches in times of ease. In times of ease, we tend to be satisfied with far less than God’s desires for our lives. Amazingly, churches in times of ease seem to be marked by the following characteristics: (1) though they have more free time than ever before, they have less time to serve God; (2) though they have more financial resources than ever before, they wantonly spend their excesses on themselves rather than giving for the sake of the kingdom; and (3) though they should look back on all they have with gratitude for God’s provision, they tend to forget God, and rather than living a life controlled by gratitude, they rarely think of God and their worship is more a matter of going through the motions than truly worshipping God.

Is this not the case in our lives? Have we come to the place where we are satisfied with our relationship with God even though we know it is not what is was years before? Are we selfish with our time, talents and financial resources, wanting more and more for ourselves though God has abundantly blessed us? Are we satisfied with our present state of affairs or will we cry out to God in repentance for our laziness toward Him?

An old hymn asks the question we all need to be asking: “I am satisfied, I am satisfied, But the question comes to me as I think of Calvary, Is my Master satisfied with me?”

In Isaiah 6, we see what ought to be our response when we are confronted with the presence of God. There Isaiah begins to care about some things about which he had not previously been concerned. We need revival because of the following reasons:

1. We care so little about God’s holiness (Isaiah 6:1-4). Even the heavenly creatures are especially sensitive about protecting God’s holiness. Yet we often treat God and His holiness as common. We need revival whenever we are casual in God’s presence rather than coming before Him in holy fear.

2. We care so little about our own sinfulness (Isaiah 6:5-7). Isaiah’s response to God’s holiness was to fully see his own sinfulness. Sure, we all admit that we are sinners, but we’ve gotten to the point where we don’t really care about our sinfulness. Whenever we treat sin in our own lives lightly, we are in need of revival.

3. We care so little about our calling (Isaiah 6:8). After God’s cleansing of his sin, Isaiah hears the call, “Who shall I send? Who will go for us?” Isaiah eagerly respond, “Here am I; send me!” What is your response to God’s call on your life? Do you find yourself saying, “I wish they’d get someone to….” instead of responding from the heart, “Send me, Lord, send me”? We care so little about God’s calling on our lives that we are always asking God to get someone else to do the work of His kingdom. We are satisfied to be saved — but is the master satisfied with us?

4. We care so little about our world (Isaiah 6:9-11). God’s call to Isaiah was not an easy one. He makes it plain to him that his calling was to keep preaching even though the people would not respond. As Isaiah hears this, his heart for His people is broken. “How long, O Lord?” he cries. Our response is strangely different because we care so little about our world. Rather than cry out with concern for those that are perishing, we cry out for relief for ourselves. Rather than continuing to reach out to a world that not only rejects our message but also rejects us, we have decided that it is easier to keep silent rather than risk the ridicule and frustration of sharing the gospel with a world that will not respond.

Why have we given up? Because we’ve become selfish; we’ve forgotten all that God has done for us; we’ve not been daily near to God’s heart to gain His compassion for this world; we’ve forgotten that He saved us that we might be His “ambassadors” to spread His message everywhere. We’ve been given so much and we’ve forgotten that “to whom much is given, much is required.” We’ve been satisfied with far less than God’s best for our lives. But — the question comes to me, as I think of Calvary, is my Master satisfied with me?

Copyright Jim Ehrhard, 1999. You are permitted to reproduce and distribute this material in any format provided that: (1) you credit the author; (2) any modifications are clearly marked; (3) you do not charge a fee beyond the cost of reproduction; and (4) you do not make more than 100 copies without permission. If you would like to post this material to your web site or make any use other than as defined above, please contact Teaching Resources International

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One section of Pilgrim’s Progress that nearly everyone skips is Bunyan’s “Apology” that begins the book. Bunyan begins his work with this apology for a variety of reasons. First of all, imaginative literature was not well thought of in Bunyan’s day. This was especially true of the dissenters who encouraged writers and preachers to “speak thy mind.” In other words, they feared any use of allegory that might lead readers away from the “solidness” of plain truth.

John Bunyan changed all that with his Pilgrim’s Progress. But his attempt was not without apology to his readers who might be tempted to avoid any allegorical writing. Just to be sure, Bunyan allowed others to read his work before letting it be published. Their opinions were divided, so he decided to let the work speak for itself.

Well, when I had thus put mine ends together,

I shew’d them others, that I might see whether

They would condemn them, or them justify:

And some said, let them live; others said, Not so.

Some said, John, print it; others said, Not so.

Some said, It might do good, others said, No.

Now was I in a straight, and did not see

Which was the best thing to be done by me:

At last I thought, Since ye are thus divided,

I print it will; and so the case decided.

Throughout his apology, Bunyan makes various appeals to common sense, analogy and the Scriptures to support his use of allegory to put forth Scriptural truth. He points to the great variety of methods used by the fisherman and the hunter (the fowler) to catch their prey. He argues that we ought to use all methods at our disposal to present the gospel to men. Listen to his example of the fisherman:

You see the ways the Fisher-man doth take

To catch the Fish; what engines doth he make?

Behold how he engageth all his wits;

Also his Snares, Lines, Angles, Hooks, and Nets:

Yet Fish there be, that neither Hook, nor Line,

Nor Snare, nor Net, nor Engine can make thine;

They must be grop’t for, and be tickled too,

Or they will not be catch’t, what e’re you do.

Such is Bunyan’s appeal: that the message of the Scriptures must go out and that we, as wise fishers of men, ought to employ a variety of methods in our fishing.

However, lest Bunyan be thought to be suggesting any method man might imagine, he also carefully demonstrates that a variety of methods are employed in the Scriptures themselves:

The Prophets used much by Metaphors

To set forth Truth; Yea, whoso considers

Christ, his Apostles too, shall plainly see,

That Truths to this day in such Mantles be.

Am I afraid to say that holy Writ

Which for its Style and Phrase puts down all Wit,

Is every where so full of all these things,

(Dark Figures, Allegories) yet there springs

From that same Book, that lustre, and those rays

Of light, that turn our darkest nights to days.

Thus, convinced that his approach would be both Biblical and effective at reaching the hearts of men, Bunyan proceeded to publish his Pilgrim’s Progress. But what makes Bunyan’s work so enduring is not simply his use of allegory. What makes it lasting are two things: (1) his ability to keep clear the connection between his allegory and the truth of Scripture and (2) his ability to paint such vivid pictures that the characters and their actions are forever impressed upon the minds of his readers. Indeed, that was Bunyan’s intention. At the end of his apology, he speaks of this desire to leave such impressions on the minds of his readers:

Art thou forgetful? wouldest thou remember

From New-year’s-day to the last of December?

Then read my fancies, they will stick like Burs,

And may be to the Helpless, Comforters.

Whether you or are a believer or a seeker, I highly commend Pilgrim’s Progress to you. If you are not a Christian, Bunyan has written this book with you in mind:

This Book it chalketh out before thine eyes

The man that seeks the everlasting Prize;

It shows you whence he comes, whither he goes,

What he leaves undone; also what he does:

Till he unto the Gate of Glory comes.

If you are a Christian, this book has much to teach you about the Christian life. It is full of practical admonitions and doctrinal truth. To you, Bunyan promises:

This book will make a Traveller of thee,

If by its Counsel thou wilt ruled be;

It will direct thee to the Holy Land,

If thou wilt its Directions understand:

Yea, it will make the slothful, active be;

The Blind also delightful things to see.

Pilgrim’s Progress has much to offer to every reader. Its characters will encourage and admonish you. In the concluding words of his apology, Bunyan encourages those desiring to learn and grow to: “come hither, And lay my Book, thy Head, and Heart together.”

Copyright Jim Ehrhard, 1999. You are permitted to reproduce and distribute this material in any format provided that: (1) you credit the author; (2) any modifications are clearly marked; (3) you do not charge a fee beyond the cost of reproduction; and (4) you do not make more than 100 copies without permission. If you would like to post this material to your web site or make any use other than as defined above, please contact Teaching Resources International

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