Feeds:
Posts
Comments

Preface to the Study

All our meditations of the coming of Christ should lead to wonder, amazement, and awe.  And like the angels who announced His birth, it should provoke a spirit of great joy in all our hearts over what the Lord has done in sending His son.

This issue is dedicated to the Birth of Christ.  In “the Great Birthday,” Charles Spurgeon reminds us of the importance of celebrating the great birthday of our Savior with great joy.  In his usual eloquent fashion, Spurgeon points us to that first Christmas and reminds us that the great joy the shepherds experienced and testified to ought to be ours even more!  How will you celebrate His birth this year?  Will you rejoice at the salvation of the Lord as the angels and the shepherds did that first Christmas morning?

We have also included two articles by A. W. Pink.  The first, “The Condescension of Christ,” reminds us that the incarnation is about the condescension of the Lord Jesus Christ.  He left His throne in glory to come and be among us – the Christmas message is about His condescension.  The second article, “The Person of Christ,” discusses the mystery of the incarnation: Christ as both God and man.  In His becoming man, He became man fully; and yet, He remained fully God!

Ebenezer Erskine’s article, “God in Christ is Love,” causes us to think about the “love of God that came down.”  It is easy to become caught up in the theology of the birth of Christ and forget that His coming was an act of God’s great love toward us!  Through a series of ten meditations, Erskine reminds us that Immanuel, “God with us,” provides many proofs of God’s love in sending Jesus to be born in a manger in Bethlehem.

Finally, this issue ends with a section from Spurgeon’s sermon, “No Room for Christ in the Inn,” that has been edited from one section of that sermon, “Room for Jesus?”  This article asks each reader to consider whether he has given place for Jesus in his life.  While it is sad to read of a pregnant woman and her espoused husband to be turned away because “there was no room for them in the inn,” it is even sadder to think of the countless millions who will celebrate this Christmas season without a personal knowledge of  this babe as their Savior!  Is there room for Jesus in your life?  Will you make room for Jesus even in your Christmas?

As you approach this Christmas season, we pray that your thoughts about the birth of Christ lead you to a season of great joy because of the birth of our savior: “For unto you is born, this day, in the city of David, a Savior, who is Christ the Lord” (Luke 1:14).

By His Grace,

Jim

Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind.  This is the first and greatest commandment.  And the second is like unto it, Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself.  On these two commandments hang all the law and the prophets. — Matthew 22:37-40

Loving God, and our Neighbor

Now the end of the commandment is love, out of a pure heart, and of a good conscience, and of faith unfeigned. — 1 Timothy 1: 5

In this verse, the apostle sets before us love as the highest and noblest virtue; and acquaints us at the same time, with four particulars concerning it.

Love’s Benefits …

1. First, that love is the summary of all the commandments: for “love,” says the apostle, “is the fulfilling of the law” (Romans 13:10); in which all the precepts are comprehended, and without which, all gifts and virtues are unprofitable and fruitless.

2. Second, that love must arise from a pure heart, which relates to the love of God and requires a heart void of worldly love and affection, according to that saying of St. John: “Love not the world, neither the things that are in the world.  For all that is in the world, the lust of the flesh, the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life, is not of the Father, but is of the world.  And the world passeth away, and the lust thereof; but he that doeth the will of God abideth foreve.” (1 John 2:15-17).  Whosoever, therefore, has a heart purified from all love to the creature, so as to depend or acquiesce in no transient good whatsoever, can cleave most intimately to God, saying with David, “Whom have I in heaven but thee?  And there is none upon earth that I desire besides thee.  My flesh and my heart faileth; but God is the strength of my heart, and my portion for ever” (Psalm 73:25, 26).  The love of such a one proceeds out of a “pure heart.” Of the same character also, is that love which is attended with great delight, pleasure and joy in God; of which we have an illustration in David: “I will love thee, O Lord, my strength.  The Lord is my rock, and my fortress, and my deliverer; my God, my strength, in whom I will trust; my buckler, and the horn of my salvation, and my high tower” (Psalm 18:1, 2).

3. The apostle, in the third place, teaches us, that love must be “out of a good conscience.” This properly concerns the love of our neighbor, who is to be loved, not for the sake of interest or worldly advantage (which would be a false love out of a bad conscience); but for the sake of God only, and of his commandments.  Nor ought we to afflict our neighbor either by word or deed, either secretly or openly; nor on any account, bear envy, wrath, hatred, malice or rancor against him; that so our conscience may not accuse us when we address ourselves in prayer to God Almighty.

4. The fourth requisite of love is, a “faith unfeigned;” so that nothing be done that is contrary to the rule of faith and to our Christian profession, and that God be not denied publicly or privately, in prosperity or adversity.  This is the substance of what is contained in that sentence of the apostle.  We shall now speak more particularly, with respect to each of the several parts.

5. In the fifth place, then, love, according to the apostle, “is the end of the commandment;” for that love which arises from a pure faith, is the noblest among the fruits and effects of faith; than which a man can do nothing better or more acceptable to God.  For God does not require at our hands great and difficult enterprises, no high performances that exceed our capacities; but he has changed the yoke of the Old Testament service, and its many commandments and ordinances into faith and love, and has given us for this end the Holy Ghost, who, “shedding abroad in our hearts the love of God” (Romans 5:5), renders everything sweet and easy, and proves the original spring of this heavenly virtue.

6. Love, therefore, is not a hard work, a labor attended with toil and difficulty; on the contrary, it makes everything easy to a good man.  “His commandments are not grievous” (1 John 5:3), that is to say, they are not so to an enlightened Christian; for wherever the Spirit of God comes, he creates a free, willing and ready heart in the discharge of Christian virtues.  Nor does God require of his children great skill or learning: it is only love which he regards.  If this be sincere and fervent, free from disguise and dissimulation, God takes more pleasure and delight in it, than in all the knowledge and wisdom in all the art and talent that any man upon earth, in his best works, can possibly exhibit.  Wherever this divine love is wanting, there all wisdom and knowledge, all works and gifts are altogether unprofitable.  They are accounted vain and dead, as a mere body without life (1 Corinthians 13:1, 2).

7. As for human learning and great abilities, they are common to heathens as well as to Christians; and great actions are performed as well by infidels as by believers. It is love only which proves the sure test of a sound Christian, distinguishing between the false and the true.  For wherever love is wanting, there can be no good thing, however it may claim the admiration of men by its specious appearances.  The reason is, because God is not there; for “God is love, and he that dwelleth in love, dwelleth in God, and God in him” (1 John 4:16).

8. Love is also pleasant, not only to God who gives it, but also to man, who exercises it: whereas, all arts and sciences, all the knowledge and wisdom which man grasps, are not attained but with great labor and study, with much care and application, and even at the expense of bodily health.  But this heaven-born love cheers both the body and the mind.  It invigorates the spirits, confers new strength, and wonderfully improves and exalts the mind.  Nor is it attended with any loss whatever, but on the contrary, produces many good and noble effects in the soul.  Love is itself the reward of the lover, and virtue always carries its own recompense with it; as, on the contrary, the vicious man is punished by his own excesses, and vice is the constant tormentor of him that commits it.

9. Again, when the other faculties of the body and mind are faint and wearied, love faints not.  Love is never weary, never ceases.  Prophecy may pass away, tongues may cease, and sciences may be destroyed; arts may be lost, the knowledge of mysteries may vanish; yea, faith itself at last may fail also: but yet “love never faileth,” nor can fail.  For when all that is imperfect is happily removed, then love alone abides forever and attains its full perfection (1 Corinthians 13:8).

10. Love makes one acceptable before God. To render anything pleasing to Almighty God, it is necessary that it proceed from him; since he approves of nothing but what he himself works in us.  Now, God is love; it therefore follows, that all that we do ought to proceed from a divine faith, in order that it may be pleasing to God; and from pure love, that it may prove profitable to men.  This love must be pure, without any regard to self-honor, self-interest, and those mean designs which sometimes intrude into a Christian’s actions.  In like manner, our prayers should spring from a principle of love, that they may have the more ready admittance to the God of love.  Consider, therefore, how can man’s prayer be acceptable to God, who is full of wrath and rancor, hatred and malice?  Were such a one to repeat the whole Psalter every day, it would be but an abomination before the Lord.  True worship consists in spirit (John 4:23, 24), in faith, in love, not in a long recital of words.  Remember the example of Christ, who, from a merciful heart, cried, “Father, forgive them” (Luke 23:34).  A man that does not love God is also unwilling to pour out his heart in prayer and supplication: but to him who is affected with a sense of divine love, the duty of prayer is easy and delightful.  A man that has a cordial love to God readily serves him; but he that is void of this love, does not serve him at all, though he may submit to much toil and drudgery, and even heap one mountain upon another.

11. Love is profitable. Upon the whole, then, nothing is more agreeable to human nature, nothing better and more profitable, than this divine love, which, therefore, should be stirred up in the heart of man, and when once raised into a flame, should be carefully preserved from being ever quenched.

Love from Faith …

12. Faith should work all things in a Christian through love; and love should be the agent of faith, as the body is the agent of the soul.  The soul sees and hears, speaks and acts, through the body, to which she is united; so, O man! should the love of God, springing from faith, do all things in and through thee.  Whether thou eat or drink, hear or speak, commend or reprove, let all be done in love, after the example of Christ, in whom resided nothing but pure love.  If thou beholdest thy neighbor, behold him with the eyes of a compassionate friend; if thou hearest him, hear him with love and tenderness; and if thou speakest with him, let thy speech be seasoned with love and Christian affection.

13. Carefully preserve the root of Christian love by faith, in order that nothing but that which is good may grow up in thy heart, and issue thence, as from its genuine centre (1 Corinthians 16:14).  Thou shalt then be enabled to fulfill the commandments of God; since they are all comprehended in love.  Hence, a holy man has expressed himself after this manner: “O love of God in the Holy Ghost!  Thou art the highest joy of souls, and the only divine life of men.  Whosoever enjoys not thee is dead even while he lives; and whosoever possesses thee, never dies in the sight of God.  Where thou art not, there the life of men is a continual death; but where thou art, there life is made a foretaste of eternal happiness.”  Whence it appears that this divine love is the sum and fulfilling of all the commandments of God.

Love from a Pure Heart …

14. We consider now that our love to God ought to proceed “out of a pure heart.” The heart of a man who is desirous to love God ought first to be cleansed from all worldly love and attachment to the creature.  It is then that God becomes the chief and sovereign Good to the soul.  She can then say, “The Lord is the portion of mine inheritance, and of my cup: thou maintainest my lot” (Psalm 16:5).  “The Lord knoweth the days of the upright,” that is, those that love him out of a disinterested heart; “and their inheritance shall be forever” (Psalm 37:18).  “Delight thyself in the Lord, and he shall give thee the desires of thine heart” (Psalm 37:4).  In a word, God is the only fountain whence all our joy ought constantly to spring.

15. God, therefore, should be the most beloved object of our souls, and our hearts should rest in him alone, because he is the highest good.  He is nothing else than mercy and goodness, love and kindness, clemency and patience, truth, comfort, peace, joy, life, and happiness.  All this he has laid up in Jesus Christ.  Whoever, therefore, has Christ, is thereby put into the possession of all these heavenly virtues.  And whoever loves God, must also of necessity love God’s truth and mercy, his goodness and kindness, and the whole train of divine virtues.

16. For a true lover of God has a love to all that God loves, and an aversion to all that God hates.  If any man loves God, he must love truth, mercy, and righteousness, because God is all this himself.  He must also delight in humility and meekness, since thereby he is rendered conformable to that meekness and lowly-mindedness which resided in Jesus.  On the other hand, a true lover of God cannot but abhor all ungodliness, with all the works of iniquity; because all manner of impiety is enmity against God and is the work of the devil himself.  A lover of God hates a lie, because the devil is the father of lies and was a liar from the beginning.  And this is the reason that everyone who loves lies, injustice, and other vicious workings of nature, must needs, in that sense, be the offspring of the devil (John 8:44); and again, whoever loves Christ, his Lord and Savior, loves also the example of his pure and holy life, his humility and meekness, his patience, and the other heavenly virtues that appeared in his conduct.  And such a one must of necessity be adopted into the number of the children of God.

17. This love, proceeding out of a “pure heart,” must be obtained from God by prayer and supplication. And truly, God is willing to enkindle in us this heavenly flame through the love of Christ, if He is but earnestly solicited, and if the heart be every day and every moment laid open to his divine influence.  If thy love should grow cold and weak at any time, arouse thy heart, faint not, but stir up the grace of God within thee, and be not too much discouraged at it. In the name of God arise again, set to work, and renew the acts of thy first love.  As thou art sensible of thy coldness in love, thou mayest be assured from that circumstance, that the eternal light of divine love is not wholly extinguished, although it be eclipsed, and at present gives but little heat.  Doubt not that thy Savior will enlighten thee again, and fire thy heart with his love; so that thou mayest sit once more under his shadow, and rejoice in the light of his countenance.  At the same time, be earnest in prayer and supplications, lest hereafter the flame of this heavenly love should be again deadened in thy heart.  Such is love “out of a pure heart,” unmixed with love of the world.

Love from a Good Conscience …

18. Let us now consider, Love, as arising from a “good conscience:” and as it respects our neighbor. The love of God and the love of our neighbor are so closely united that they can never be separated.  The true touchstone of our love to God is the love which we bear to our neighbor.  “If a man say, I love God, and hateth his brother, he is a liar: for he that loveth not his brother whom he hath seen, how can he love God whom he hath not seen?  And this commandment have we from him, That he who loveth God, love his brother also” (1 John 4:20, 21).  For the love of God cannot dwell in a man who is filled with hatred or malice, or divested of all bowels of love and compassion.  If thou hast no pity on thy brother, who stands in need of thy help, how canst thou love God, who needs not anything that is thine and has commanded thee to express thy love towards him, by bestowing marks of it upon thy brother?

19. As faith unites to God, so love unites to our neighbor; and as a man is made up of body and soul, so faith and love (that is, the love both of God and of our neighbor) make up a true Christian.  Thus he that “dwelleth in love, dwelleth in God” (1 John 4:16).  And since God effectually desires the good of all men, it follows, that he who loves in like manner is of one heart with God; and that he who is otherwise affected is against God, and has not the mind of the Lord, but is the enemy of God as well as of his neighbor.  He is, unquestionably, an adversary to God who is an enemy to men.

20. It is the property of this love to bewail and compassionate the infirmities of others (Galatians 6:1). Indeed, the failings and weaknesses of our fellow-creatures represent to us, as in a mirror, our own imperfections, and remind us of the various defects that encumber our nature.  Therefore, when thou seest another overtaken in a fault, consider that thou also thyself art but a man; and learn from thy own infirmities, to bear those of others with patience, meekness, and humility (Romans 15:7).

21. Especially those who sin, not from malice or determined wickedness, but who are surprised into a fault by weakness and inadvertency; and who, coming soon to themselves again, repent of that which they have done and firmly resolve to watch the more against the snares of Satan for the future; such souls as these are surely to be pitied and assisted.  He that does otherwise shows that he has nothing in him of the merciful and forbearing spirit of Christ.  When a man hastily condemns the faults of his neighbor, without feeling any love or compassion, it is an evident sign that he is altogether void of God, and of his merciful spirit. On the contrary, a true Christian, being anointed with the spirit of Christ, treats all men as one that has a fellow-feeling with them and bears with them in a sympathizing Christian love and tenderness, according to the example of Christ, which he has left us to follow.  Therefore, if any man, upon serious search into his inward condition, finds that he has not the love of his neighbor abiding in him, let him know, assuredly, that the love of God remains not in his soul and that he himself is without God.  This should strike him with horror and indignation against himself; it should influence him the more speedily (after repenting of his sin from the bottom of his heart) to reconcile himself to his neighbor, that, in this order, the love of God may also return to him again.  Then all his actions, while he continues in this love and faith, are good, holy, and divine; and this love, dwelling in his heart, will actuate him freely and willingly to embrace all men and with great affection and joy to do them all manner of kindnesses; so that he will “rejoice over them to do them good,” even as God himself (Jeremiah 32:41).

22. Without this love, whatever is in man, is diabolical and altogether evil.  Nor is there, indeed, any other cause why the devil can do no good, but because he is utterly destitute of love both towards God and man.  Hence, all which he does is radically evil, and deprived of all intrinsic goodness.  In all that he sets about, he designs nothing but God’s dishonor, and man’s destruction.  He cunningly contrives ways to vent his enmity both upon God and man; and, therefore, he seeks for such hearts as he can fill with spite and envy, and then discharges through them his malice and wrath. “And hereby it is manifest who are the children of God, and the children of the devil” (1 John 3:10).

Love from a “Faith Unfettered” …

23. Therefore, love must be “out of faith unfeigned,” that is, we must love God equally in prosperity and adversity. Whoever loves God sincerely, accepts with joy all the dispensations of his Providence, after the example of Christ; who, with a cheerful and ready mind, took up the cross, which he knew that the will of his Father imposed on him.  “I have,” says he, “a baptism to be baptized with; and how am I straitened (and in pain) till it be accomplished!” (Luke 12:50).  In the same manner have all the holy martyrs carried with joy their cross after him.

24. To those that unfeignedly love God, the cross does not prove grievous or burdensome; and this for no other reason, than because it is the yoke of Christ (Matthew 11:29).  If the magnet attracts the heavy iron, why should not that heavenly loadstone, the love of God, attract the burden of our cross and render it light and agreeable; especially after the heart is affected with a touch of the divine love?  If the sugar sweeten such herbs as are bitter by nature, why should not the sweetness of the love of God make that pleasant and easy, which to the flesh is nothing but a cross and affliction?  And truly it was from the fulness of this love, that the blessed martyrs bore the most exquisite pain with patience and joy; being transported with it to such a degree, as to be almost insensible of their very torments.

The Love of Our Neighbor, More Particularly Considered

Of whom a man is overcome, of the same is he brought in bondage. — 2 Peter 2:19

1. There is no bondage more hard and grievous than to be under the yoke of the passions: but of all these, none is so cruel as hatred, which so weakens and depresses all the powers both of body and mind, as not to leave to the man one free thought.  On the contrary, he who lives in love is free. He is no slave to anger, envy, covetousness, pride, lying, or calumny; and being delivered from these by love, he suffers not himself to be subdued by evil desires, but continues Christ’s freeman (1 Corinthians 7:22) in the liberty of the Spirit: for “where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty” (2 Corinthians 3:17).  Whosoever, therefore, walks in the love of Christ, is no longer a slave to sin or a servant to carnal affections; for the Spirit of God’s love has freed and purified him from carnal concupiscence.

And we see that the love of God extends over all men; of which we not only find sufficient proofs in Scripture, but the footsteps of his universal benignity are also everywhere displayed in nature.  We are all equally covered with the heavens and have all the use of the sun, the air, the earth, and the water; as well they who are of high degree, as they who are of the meanest condition.  And the very same mind that is in God towards us ought also to be in us towards men; God himself having set us a pattern of universal kindness for our imitation.  He regards not one more than another, but loves all with an equal affection.  With him there is no respect of persons, of dignity, or merit; but he beholds all alike in Christ.  This is for our instruction.  Now, as God acts towards us, so ought we to act towards our neighbor.  And truly, after the same manner as we deal with man, so God will deal with us again.  We need not go far to inquire what favor we have with God Almighty.  If we but enter into our own conscience, it will impartially tell us, what mind and affection we bear to our neighbor; and as we have done to him, so will God certainly do to us again and return our works into our own bosom.  And in this sense it is said of God, that “with the pure he shows himself pure; and with the froward, shows himself froward” (Psalm 18:26); that is, if thou bearest an evil mind to thy neighbor, God will be thine adversary also.

2. Since, therefore, God has no need of our service, he has substituted our neighbor in his place, to receive our love, and has commanded us to pay it as to himself.  He has made this love of our neighbor the very touchstone by which we are to examine the sincerity of our love to God.

3. And it is for this reason that he has enjoined the love of our neighbor with so great earnestness, requiring us to show constantly the same love to him which God shows to us. For unless a man be fully reconciled to and be in perfect love with his neighbor, he cannot have the favor or grace of God.  And although all the sins of the world are atoned for by the death of Christ and a full pardon obtained, yet all mankind may in some sense be said to be in the same circumstances with the servant in the parable, who had not wherewithal to pay; the king freely remitted him all his debts: but when he afterwards behaved himself cruelly towards his fellow-servant, the king revoked his pardon, and condemned the servant, on account of the hard usage with which he treated his neighbor (Matthew 18:23, etc.).  This parable Christ concludes with the remarkable expression: “So likewise shall my heavenly Father do also unto you, if ye from your hearts forgive not every one his brother, their trespasses” (Verse 35).  And, “With the same measure that ye mete withal, it shall be measured to you again” (Luke 6:38).

4. Hence, it plainly appears that man was not created for himself alone, but for his neighbor’s sake also. So strict is the commandment of loving our neighbor, that when it is broken, the very end of our creation is destroyed, and the love of God is immediately withdrawn from the soul.  Nothing is left but the severest justice, judging and condemning all that are void of this love.

5. If we duly considered these things, we should never be angry with one another; neither would “the sun ever go down upon our wrath” (Ephesians 4:26). It is true, on the one hand, that Christ by his death on the cross has offered a full and complete atonement for all our trespasses, and in this respect, has remitted all our sins at once; yet is it, on the other hand, an awful consideration, that the whole extent of the merits of Christ will be of no avail at all to us, if we continue to hate our brother, and will neither pardon nor love him. We shall be entirely cut off from all the benefits that flow from the atonement.

6. Hence it appears how important the love of our neighbor must be in the sight of God, binding us even to such a degree, that God refuses to be loved by us, unless we love our neighbor also; so that if we fail in our benevolence toward the latter, we fall at the same time away from that grace that bringeth salvation and divine love that draws us to Christ.  And for this reason, we were created all equal and of the same nature, that we might not despise one other; but, like children of one common parent, live in peace and love, and endeavor to maintain a good and serene conscience.

7. Now, whoever hates and despises his brother, hates and despises God also, who has forbidden all such animosities in the severest terms. If thou contemnest thy brother, God also contemns thee; which hastens thy judgment and condemnation, and deprives thee of all interest in the merit and redemption of Christ, by which sin is forgiven.

8. For it cannot be possible that a heart filled with wrath and bitterness, should in any degree reap a saving fruit from the blood of Christ, which was shed from a motive of pure love. Yea, the above parable (Matthew 18:35) plainly convinces us, that God “was less offended at the debt of ten thousand talents, than at the barbarous cruelty of which the servant was guilty; he can overlook the debt, but he cannot overlook the want of love.  Let us, therefore, ponder the words with which the Lord concludes the parable: “So likewise shall my heavenly Father do also unto you.”

9. But we must keep before us that an unfeigned love of the brethren is not grounded on any work of ours, but only on the merits of Christ applied to us by faith. From this righteousness of Christ, apprehended by faith, springs love to our neighbor, together with the whole train of Christian virtues, called by the apostle “fruits of righteousness, which are to the glory and praise of God” (Philippians 1:11).

From True Christianity.

The motives unto this love of Christ is the last thing, on this head of our religious respect unto him, that I shall speak unto.  When God required of the church the first and highest act of religion, the sole foundation of all others — namely, to take him as their God, to own, believe, and trust in him alone as such, (which is wholly due unto him for what he is, without any other consideration whatever,) — yet he thought meet to add a motive unto the performance of that duty from what he had done for them, Exodus 20:2, 3.  The sense of the first command is, that we should take him alone for our God; for he is so, and there is no other.

But in the prescription of this duty unto the church, he minds them of the benefits which they had received from him in bringing them out of the house of bondage.  God, in his wisdom and grace, ordereth all the causes and reasons of our duty, so as that all the rational powers and faculties of our souls may be exercised therein.  Wherefore he does not only propose himself unto us, nor is Christ merely proposed unto us as the proper object of our affections, but he calls us also unto the consideration of all those things that may satisfy our souls that it is the most just, necessary, reasonable and advantageous course for us so to fix our affections on him.  And these considerations are taken from all that he did for us, with the reasons and grounds why he did it.

We love him principally and ultimately for what he is; but nextly and immediately for what he did.  What he did for us is first proposed unto us, and it is that which our souls are first affected withal.  For they are originally acted in all things by a sense of the want which they have, and a desire of the blessedness which they have not.  This directs them unto what he has done for sinners; but that leads immediately unto the consideration of what he is in himself.  And when our love is fixed on him or his person, then all those things wherewith, from a sense of our own wants and desires, we were first affected, become motives unto the confirming and increasing of that love.  This is the constant method of the Scripture; it first proposes unto us what the Lord Christ has done for us, especially in the discharge of his sacerdotal office, in his oblation and intercession, with the benefits which we receive thereby.  Hereby it leads us unto his person, and presseth the consideration of all other things to engage our love unto him.  See Philippians 2:5-11, with chap. 3:8-11.

Motives unto the love of Christ are so great, so many, so diffused through the whole dispensation of God in him unto us, as that they can by no hand be fully expressed, let it be allowed ever so much to enlarge in the declaration of them; much less can they be represented in that short discourse whereof but a very small part is allotted unto their consideration — such as ours is at present.  The studying, the collection of them or so many of them as we are able, the meditation on them and improvement of them, are among the principal duties of our whole lives.  What I shall offer is the reduction of them unto these two heads: 1. The acts of Christ, which is the substance of them; and, 2. The spring and fountain of those acts, which is the life of them.

1. The Acts of Christ. In general, they are all the acts of his mediatory office, with all the fruits of them, whereof we are made partners.  There is not anything that he did or does, in the discharge of his mediatory office, from the first susception of it in his incarnation in the womb of the blessed Virgin unto his present intercession in heaven, but is an effectual motive unto the love of him; and as such is proposed unto us in the Scripture.  Whatever he did or does with or towards us in the name of God, as the king and prophet of the church — whatever he did or does with God for us, as our high priest — it all speaks this language in the hearts of them that believe:  O love the Lord Jesus in sincerity.

The consideration of what Christ thus did and does for us is inseparable from that of the benefits which we receive thereby.  A due mixture of both these — of what he did for us, and what we obtain thereby — compriseth the substance of these motives: “Who loved me, and gave himself for me” — “Who loved us, and washed us in his own blood, and made us kings and priests unto God” — “For thou wast slain, and hast bought us unto God with thy blood.”  And both these are of a transcendent nature, requiring our love to be so also.  Who is able to comprehend the glory of the mediatory acting of the Son of God, in the assumption of our nature — in what he did and suffered therein?  And for us, eye has not seen, nor ear heard, nor can it enter into the heart of man to conceive, what we receive thereby.  The least benefit, and that obtained by the least expense of trouble or charge, deserveth love, and leaveth the brand of a crime where it is not so entertained.  What, then, do the greatest deserve, and thou procured by the greatest expense even the price of the blood of the Son of God?

If we have any faith concerning these things, it will produce love, as that love will obedience.  Whatever we profess concerning them, it springs from tradition and opinion, and not from faith, if it engage not our souls into the love of him.  The frame of heart which ensues on the real faith of these things is expressed, Psalm 103:1-5, “Bless the LORD, O my soul; and all that is within me, bless his holy name.  Bless the LORD, O my soul, and forget not all his benefits; who forgiveth all thine iniquities; who health all thy diseases; who redeemeth thy life from destruction; who crowneth thee with lovingkindness and tender mercies; who satisfieth thy mouth with good things; so that thy youth is renewed like the eagle’s.”

Let men pretend what they will, there needs no greater, no other evidence, to prove that any one does not really believe the things that are reported in the gospel, concerning the mediatory acting of Christ, or that he has no experience in his own soul and conscience of the fruits and effects of them, than this — that his heart is not engaged by them unto the most ardent love towards his person.

He is no Christian who lives not much in the meditation of the mediation of Christ, and the especial acts of it.  Some may more abound in that work than others, as it is fixed, formed and regular; some may be more able than others to dispose their thought concerning them into method and order; some may be more diligent than others in the observation of times for the solemn performance of this duty; some may be able to rise to higher and clearer apprehensions of them than others.  But as for those, the bent of whose minds does not lie towards thoughts of them — whose heath are not on all occasions retreating unto the remembrance of them — who embrace not all opportunities to call them over as they are able — on what grounds can they be esteemed Christians?  How do they live by the faith of the Son of God?  Are the great things of the Gospel, of the mediation of Christ, proposed unto us, as those which we may think of when we have nothing else to do, that we may meditate upon or neglect at our pleasure — as those wherein our concernment is so small as that they must give place unto all other occasions or diversions whatever?  Nay; if our minds are not filled with these things — if Christ does not dwell plentifully in our heath by faith — if our souls are not possessed with them, and in their whole inward frame and constitution so cut into this mould as to be led by a natural complacency unto a converse with them — we are strangers unto the life of faith.  And if we are thus conversant about these things, they will engage our hearts into the love of the person of Christ.  To suppose the contrary, is indeed to deny the truth and reality of them all, and to turn the gospel into a fable.

Take one instance from among the rest — namely, his death.  Has he the heart of a Christian, who does not often meditate on the death of his Savior, who does not derive his life from it?  Who can look into the Gospel and not fix on those lines which either immediately and directly, or through some other paths of divine grace and wisdom, do lead him thereunto?  And can any have believing thoughts concerning the death of Christ, and not have his heart affected with ardent love unto his person?  Christ in the Gospel “is evidently set forth, crucified” before us.  Can any by the eye of faith look on this bleeding, dying Redeemer, and suppose love unto his person to be nothing but the work of fancy or imagination?  They know the contrary, who “always bear about in the body the dying of the Lord Jesus,” as the apostle speaks, 2 Corinthians 4:10.  As his whole “name,” in all that he did, is “as ointment poured forth,” for which “the virgins love him,” Song of Solomon 1:3, — so this precious perfume of his death is that wherewith their hearts are ravished in a peculiar manner.

Again: as there can be no faith in Christ where there is no love unto him on the account of his mediatory acts; so, where it is not, the want of it casteth persons under the highest guilt of ingratitude that our nature is liable unto.  The highest aggravation of the sin of angels was their ingratitude unto their Maker.  For why, by his mere will and pleasure, they were stated in the highest excellency, pre- eminence, and dignity, that he thought good to communicate unto any creatures — or, it may be, that any mere created nature is capable of in itself — they were unthankful for what they had so received from undeserved goodness and bounty; and so cast themselves into everlasting ruin.  But yet the sin of men, in their ingratitude towards Christ on the account of what he has done for them, is attended with an aggravation above that of the angels.  For although the angels were originally instated in that condition of dignity which in this world we cannot attain unto, yet were they not redeemed and recovered from misery as we are.

In all the crowd of evil and wicked men that the world is pestered with, there are none, by common consent, so stigmatized for unworthy villainy, as those who are ungrateful for their benefits.  If persons are unthankful unto them, if they have not the highest love for them, who redeem them from ignominy and death, and instate them in a plentiful inheritance, (if any such instances may be given,) and that with the greatest expense of labor and charge, — mankind, without any regret, does tacitly condemn them unto greater miseries than those which they were delivered from.  What, then, will be the condition of those whose hearts are not so affected with the mediation of Christ and the fruits of it, as to give their best affections unto him!  The gospel itself will be “a savor of death” unto such ungrateful wretches.

2. His Love to Us. That which the Scripture principally insisteth on as the motive of our love unto Christ, is his love unto us — which was the principle of all his mediatory actings in our behalf.  Love is that jewel of human nature which commands a valuation wherever it is found.  Let other circumstances be what they will, whatever distances between persons may be made by them, yet real love, where it is evidenced so to be, is not despised by any but such as degenerate into profligate brutality.  If it be so stated as that it can produce no outward effects advantageous unto them that are beloved, yet it commands a respect, as it were, whether we will or no, and some return in its own kind.

Especially it does so if it be altogether undeserved, and so evidenceth itself to proceed from a goodness of nature, and an inclination unto the good of them on whom it is fixed.  For, whereas the essential nature of love consisteth in willing good unto them that are beloved — where the act of the will is real, sincere, and constantly exercised, wiyout any defect of it on our part, no restraints can possibly be put upon our minds from going out in some acts of love again upon its account, unless all their faculties are utterly depraved by habits of brutish and filyour lusts.  But when this love, which is thus undeserved, does also abound in effects troublesome and chargeable in them in whom it is, and highly beneficial unto them on whom it is placed — if there be any such affection left in the nature of any man, it will prevail unto a reciprocal love.  And all these things are found in the love of Christ, unto that degree and height as nothing parallel unto it can be found in the whole creation.  I shall briefly speak of it under two general heads.

(1.) The sole spring of all the mediatory acting of Christ, both in the susception of our nature and in all that he did and suffered therein, was his own mere love and grace, working by pity and compassion.  It is true, he undertook this work principally with respect unto the glory of God and out of love unto him.  But with respect unto us, his only motive unto it was his abundant, overflowing love.  And this is especially remembered unto us in that instance wherein it carried him through the greatest difficulties — namely, in his death and the oblation of himself on our behalf, Galatians 2:20; Ephesians 5:2, 25, 26; 1 John 3:16; Revelation 1:6.  This alone inclined the Son of God to undertake the glorious work of our redemption and carried him through the death and dread which he underwent in the accomplishment of it.

Should I engage into the consideration of this love of Christ, which was the great means of conveying all the effects of dine wisdom and grace unto the church — that glass which God chose to represent himself and all his goodness in unto believers — that spirit of life in the wheel of all the motions of the person of Christ in the redemption of the church unto the eternal glory of God, his own and that of his redeemed also — that mirror wherein the holy angels and blessed saints shall forever contemplate the divine excellencies in their suitable operations; — I must now begin a discourse much larger than that which I have passed through.  But it is not suited unto my present design so to do.

For, considering the growing apprehensions of many about the person of Christ, which are utterly destructive of the whole nature of that love which we ascribe unto him, do I know how soon a more distinct explication and defense of it may be called for.  And this cause will not be forsaken.  They know nothing of the life and power of the gospel, nothing of the reality of the grace of God, nor do they believe aright one article of the Christian faith, whose hearts are not sensible of the love of Christ herein; nor is he sensible of the love of Christ, whose affections are not thereon drawn out unto him.  I say, they make a pageant of religion — a fable for the theater of the world, a business of fancy and opinion — whose hearts are not really affected with the love of Christ, in the susception and discharge of the work of mediation, so as to have real and spiritually sensible affections for him.  Men may babble things which they have learned by rote; they have no real acquaintance with Christianity, who imagine that the placing of the most intense affections of our souls on the person of Christ — the loving him with all our hearts because of his love — our being overcome thereby until we are sick of love — the constant motions of our souls towards him with delight and adherence — are but fancies and imaginations.  I renounce that religion, be it whose it will, that teacheth, insinuateth, or giveth countenance unto, such abominations.  That doctrine is as discrepant from the gospel as the Koran — as contrary to the experience of believers as what is acted in and by the devils which instructs men unto a contempt of the most fervent love unto Christ, or casts reflections upon it.  I had rather choose my eternal lot and portion with the meanest believer, who, being effectually sensible of the love of Christ, spends his days in mourning that he can love him no more than he finds himself on his utmost endeavors for the discharge of his duty to do, than with the best of them, whose vain speculations and a false pretense of reason puff them up unto a contempt of these things

(2.) This love of Christ unto the church is singular in all those qualifications which render love obliging unto reciprocal affections.  It is so in its reality.  There can be no love amongst men, but will derive something from that disorder which is in their affections in their highest acting.  But the love of Christ is pure and absolutely free from any alloy.  There cannot be the least suspicion of anything of self in it.  And it is absolutely undeserved.  Nothing can be found amongst men that can represent or exemplify its freedom from any desert on our part.  The most candid and ingenuous love amongst us is, when we love another for his worth, excellency, and usefulness, yough we have no singular benefit of them ourselves; but not the least of any of these things were found in them on whom he set his love, until they were wrought in them, as effects of that love which he set upon them.

Men sometimes may rise up unto such a high degree and instance in love, as that they will even die for one another; but then it must be on a superlative esteem which they have of their worth and merit.  It may be, saith the apostle, treating of the love of Christ, and of God in him, that “for a good man some would even dare to die,” Romans 5:7.  It must be for a good man — one who is justly esteemed “commune bonum,” a public good to mankind — one whose benignity is ready to exercise loving-kindness on all occasions, which is the estate of a good man; — peradventure some would even dare to die for such a man.  This is the height of what love among men can rise unto; and if it has been instanced in any, it has been accompanied with an open mixture of vain-glory and desire of renown.  But the Lord Christ placed his love on us, that love from whence he died for us, when we were sinners and ungodly; that is, everything which might render us unamiable and undeserving.  Yough we were as deformed as sin could render us, and more deeply indebted than the whole creation could pay or answer, yet did he fix his love upon us, to free us from that condition, and to render us meet for the most intimate society with himself.

Never was there love which had such effects — which cost him so dear in whom it was, and proved so advantageous unto them on whom it was placed.  In the pursuit of it, he underwent everything that is evil in his own person, and we receive everything that is good in the favor of God and eternal blessedness.

On the account of these things, the apostle ascribes a constraining power unto the love of Christ, 2 Corinthians 5:14.  And if it constrains us unto any return unto him, it does so unto that of love in the first place.  For no suitable return can be made for love but love, at least not wiyout it.  As love cannot be purchased — “For if a man would give all the substance of his house for love, it would utterly be condemned,” Song of Solomon 8:7, — so if a man would give all the world for a requital of love, wiyout love it would be despised.  To fancy that all the love of Christ unto us consists in the precepts and promises of the gospel, and all our love unto him in the observance of his commands, wiyout a real love in him unto our persons, like that of a “husband unto a wife,” Ephesians 5:25, 26, or a holy affection in our hearts and minds unto his person, is to overthrow the whole power of religions to despoil it of its life and soul, leaving nothing but the carcass of it.

This love unto Christ and unto God in him, because of his love unto us, is the principal instance of divine love, the touchstone of its reality and sincerity.  Whatever men may boast of their affectionate endearments unto the divine goodness, if it be not founded in a sense of this love of Christ and the love of God in him, they are but empty notions they nourish withal, and their deceived hearts feed upon ashes.  It is in Christ alone that God is declared to be love; wiyout an apprehension whereof none can love him as they ought.  In him alone that infinite goodness, which is the peculiar object of divine love, is truly represented unto us, wiyout any such deceiving phantasm as the workings of fancy or depravation of reason may impose upon us.  And on him does the saving communication of all the effects of it depend.  And an infinite condescension is it in the holy God, so to express his “glory in the face of Jesus Christ,” or to propose himself as the object of our love in and through him.  For considering our weakness as to an immediate comprehension of the infinite excellencies of the divine nature, or to bear the rays of his resplendent glory, seeing none can see his face and live, it is the most adorable effect of divine wisdom and grace, that we are admitted unto the contemplation of them in the person of Jesus Christ.

There is yet farther evidence to be given of this love unto the person of Christ, from all those blessed effects of it which are declared in the Scripture, and whereof believers have the experience in themselves.  But something I have spoken concerning them formerly, in my discourse about communion with God; and the nature of the present design will not admit of enlargement upon them.

“Jesus saith to Simon Peter, Simon, son of Jonas, lovest thou me more than these?  He saith unto him, Yea, Lord, thou knowest that I love thee.  He saith unto him, Feed my lambs.  He saith to him again the second time, Simon, son of Jonas, lovest thou me?  He saith unto him, Yea, Lord thou knowest that I love thee.  He saith unto him, Feed my sheep.  He saith unto him the third time, Simon, son of Jonas, Lovest thou me?  Peter was grieved because he said unto him the third time, Lovest thou me?  And he said unto him, Lord, thou knowest all things; thou knowest that I love thee.  Jesus saith unto him, Feed my sheep.” — John 21:15-17

How very much like to Christ before his crucifixion was Christ after his resurrection!  Although he had lain in the grave, and descended into the regions of the dead, and had retraced his steps to the land of the living, yet how marvelously similar he was in his manners and how unchanged in his disposition.  His passion his death, and his resurrection, could not alter his character as a man any more than they could affect his attributes as God.  He is Jesus forever the same.  And when he appeared again to his disciples, he had cast aside none of his kind manners, he had not lost a particle of interest in their welfare; he addressed them just as tenderly as before, and called them his children and his friends.  Concerning their temporal condition he was mindful, for he said, “Children, have ye any meat?”  And he was certainly quite as watchful over their spiritual state for after he had supplied their bodies by a rich draught from the sea, with fish (which possibly he had created for the occasion), he enquires after their souls’ health and prosperity, beginning with the one who might be supposed to have been in the most sickly condition, the one who had denied his Master thrice, and wept bitterly — even Simon Peter. “Simon, son of Jonas,” said Jesus, “lovest thou me?”

Without preface, for we shall have but little time this morning — may God help us to make good use of it! — we shall mention three things: first a solemn question — “Lovest thou me?” secondly, a discreet answer, “Yes, Lord, thou knowest that I love thee,” and thirdly, a required demonstration of the fact, “He saith unto him, Feed my lambs;” or, again, “Feed my sheep.”

I. First, then, here was a SOLEMN QUESTION, which our Savior put to Peter, not for his own information, for, as Peter said, “Thou knowest that I love thee,” but for Peter’s examination.  It is well, especially after a foul sin, that the Christian should well probe the wound.  It is right that he should examine himself; for sin gives grave cause for suspicion, and it would be wrong for a Christian to live an hour with a suspicion concerning his spiritual estate, unless he occupy that hour in examination of himself.  Self-examination should more especially follow sin, though it ought to be the daily habit of every Christian and should be practiced by him perpetually.  Our Savior, I say, asked this question of Peter, that he might ask it of himself; so we may suppose it asked of us this morning that we may put it to our own hearts.  Let each one ask himself then in his Savior’s name, for his own profit, “Lovest thou the Lord? Lovest thou the Savior?  Lovest thou the ever-blessed Redeemer?”

Note what this question was.  It was a question concerning Peter’s love.  He did not say, “Simon, son of Jonas, fearest thou me.”  He did not say, “Dost thou admire me? Dost thou adore me?”  Nor was it even a question concerning his faith.  He did not say, “Simon, son of Jonas, believest thou in me?” but he asked him another question, “Lovest thou me?”  I take it, that is because love is the very best evidence of piety.  Love is the brightest of all the graces; and hence it becomes the best evidence.  I do not believe love to be superior to faith.  I believe faith to be the groundwork of our salvation.  I think faith to be the mother grace, and love springs from it.  Faith I believe to be the root grace, and love grows from it.  But then, faith is not an evidence for brightness equal to love.  Faith, if we have it, is a sure and certain sign that we are God’s children, and so is every other grace a sure and certain one, but many of them cannot be seen by others.  Love is a more sparkling one than any other.  If I have a true fear of God in my heart, then am I God’s child; but since fear is a grace that is more dim and hath not that halo of glory over it that love has, love becomes one of the very best evidences and one of the easiest signs of discerning whether we are alive to the Savior.

He that lacketh love must lack also every other grace in the proportion in which he lacketh love.  If love be little, I believe it is a sign that faith is little, for he that believeth much loveth much.  If love be little, fear will be little, and courage for God will be little, and whatsoever graces there be, though faith lieth at the root of them all, yet do they so sweetly hang on love, that if love be weak, all the rest of the graces most assuredly will be so.  Our Lord asked Peter, then, that question, Lovest thou me?”

And note, again, that he did not ask Peter anything about his doings.  He did not say, “Simon Peter, how much hast thou wept?  How often hast thou done penance on account of thy great sin?  How often hast thou on thy knees sought mercy at my hand for the slight thou hast done to me and for that terrible cursing and swearing wherewith thou didst disown thy Lord, whom thou hadst declared thou wouldst follow even to prison and to death?”  No, it was not in reference to his works, but in reference to the state of his heart that Jesus said, “Lovest thou me?”  To teach us this; that though works do follow after a sincere love, yet love excels the works, and works without love are not evidences worth having.  We may have some tears; but they are not the tears that God shall accept, if there be no love to him.  We may have some works; but they are not acceptable works, if they are not done out of love to his person.  We may perform very many of the outward, ritual observances of religion; but unless love lies at the bottom, all these things are vein and useless.  The question, then, “Lovest thou me?” is a very vital question; far more so than one that merely concerns the outward conduct.  It is a question that goes into the very heart and in such a way that it brings the whole heart to one question; for if love be wrong, everything else is wrong.  “Simon, son of Jonas, lovest thou me?”

Ah! dear beloved, we have very much cause for asking ourselves this question.  If our Savior were no more than a man like ourselves, he might often doubt whether we love him at all.  Let me just remind you of sundry things which give us very great cause to ask this question: “Lovest thou me?”  I will deal only with the last week.  Come, my Christian brother, look at thine own conduct.  Do not thy sins make thee doubt whether thou dost love thy Master?  Come, look over the sins of this week: when thou wast speaking with an angry word and with a sullen look, might not thy Lord have touched thee, and said, “Lovest thou me?”  When thou wast doing such-and-such a thing, which thou right well knowest in thy conscience was not according to his precept, might he not have said, “Lovest thou me?”  Canst thou not remember the murmuring word because something had gone wrong with thee in business this week, and thou west speaking ill of the God of providence for it?  Oh, might not the loving Savior, with pity in his languid eye, have said to thee, “What, speak thus?  Lovest thou me?”

I need not stop to mention the various sins of which ye have been guilty.  Ye have sinned, I am sure, enough to give good ground for self-suspicion, if ye did not still hang on this: that his love to you, not your love to him, is the seal of your discipleship.  Oh, do you not think within yourselves, “If I had loved him more, would I have sinned so much?  And oh, can I love him when I have broken so many of his commandments.  Have I reflected his glorious image to the world as I should have done?  Have I not wasted many hours within this week that I might have spent in winning souls to him?  Have I not thrown away many precious moments in light and frivolous conversation which I might have spent in earnest prayer?  Oh! how many words have I uttered, which if they have not been filthy, (as I trust they have not) yet have not been such as have ministered grace to the hearers?  Oh, how many follies have I indulged in?  How many sins have I winked at?  How many crimes have I covered over?  How have I made my Savior’s heart to bleed?  How have I done dishonor to his cause? How have I in some degree disgraced my heart’s profession of love to him?”  Oh, ask these questions of thyself, beloved, and say, “Is this thy kindness to thy Friend?”  But I hope this week has been one wherein thou hast sinned little openly as to the world, or even in thine own estimation, as to open acts of crime.

But now let me put another question to thee, Does not thy worldliness make thee doubt?  How hast thou been occupied with the world, from Monday morning to the last hour of Saturday night?  Thou hast scarce had time to think of him.  What corners hast thou pushed thy Jesus into, to make room for thy bales of goods?  How hast thou stowed him away into one short five minutes to make room for thy ledger or thy day-book?  How little time hast thou given to him!  Thou hast been occupied with the shop, with the exchange, and the farmyard; and thou hast had little time to commune with him!  Come, just think!  Remember any one day this week; canst thou say that thy soul always flew upward with passionate desires to him?  Didst thou pant like a hart for thy Savior during the week?  Nay, perhaps there was a whole day went by, and thou scarcely though test of him till the winding up of it; and then thou couldst only upbraid thyself, “How have I forgotten Christ today?  I have not beheld his person; I have not walked with him.  I have not done as Enoch did!  I knew he would come into the shop with me; I knew he is such a blessed Christ that he would stand behind the counter with me; I knew he was such a joyous Lord Jesus that he would walk through the market with me!  But I left him at home and forgot him all the day long.”  Surely, surely, beloved, when thou rememberest thy worldliness, thou must say of thyself; “O Lord, thou mightest well ask, “Lovest thou me?’”

Consider again, I beseech thee, how cold thou hast been this week at the mercy-seat.  Thou hast been there, for thou canst not live without it; thou hast lifted up thy heart in prayer, for thou art a Christian, and prayer is as necessary to thee as thy breath. But oh! with what a poor asthmatic breath hast thou lived this week!  How little hast thou breathed?  Dost not remember how hurried was thy prayer on Monday morning, how driven thou wast on Tuesday night?  Canst thou not recollect how languid was thy heart, when on another occasion thou wast on thy knees?  Thou hast had little wrestling, mayhap, this week; little agonizing; them hast had little of the prayer which prevaileth; thou hast scarcely laid hold of the horns of the altar; thou hast stood in the distance and seen the smoke at the altar, but thou hast not laid hold of the horns of it.  Come, ask thyself, do not thy prayers make thee doubt?  I say, honestly before you all, my own prayers often make me doubt, and I know nothing that gives me more grave cause of disquietude.  When I labor to pray — oh! that rascally devil! — fifty thousand thoughts he tries to inject, to take me off from prayer; and when I will and must pray, oh, what an absence there is of that burning fervent desire; and when I would come right close to God, when I would weep my very eyes out in penitence, and would believe and take the blessing, oh, what little faith and what little penitence there is!  Verily, I have thought that prayer has made me more unbelieving than anything else.  I could believe over the tops of my sins, but sometimes I can scarcely believe over the tops of my prayers — for oh! how cold is prayer when it is cold!  Of all things that are bad when cold, I think prayer is the worst, for it becomes like a very mockery, and instead of warming the heart, it makes it colder than it was before and seems even to damp its life and spirit — and fills it full of doubts whether it is really a heir of heaven and accepted of Christ.  Oh! look at thy cold prayers, Christian, and say is not thy Savior right to ask this question very solemnly, “Simon, son of Jonas, lovest thou me?”

But stop, again; just one more word for thee to reflect upon.  Perhaps thou hast had much prayer, and this has been a time of refreshing from the presence of the Lord.  But yet, mayhap, thou knowest, thou hast not gone so far this week as thou mightest have done, in another exercise of godliness that is even better than prayer, — I mean communion and fellowship.  Oh beloved, thou hast this week had but little sitting under the apple tree and finding its shadow great delight to thee.  Thou hast not gone much this week to the banqueting house and had its banner of love over thee.  Come, bethink thyself, how little hast thou seen thy Lord this week!  Perhaps he has been absent the greater part of the time; and hast thou not groaned?  Hast thou not wept?  Hast thou not sighed after him?  Sure, then, thou canst not have loved him as thou shouldst, else thou couldst not have borne his absence, thou couldst not have endured it calmly, if thou hadst the affection for him a sanctified spirit has for its Lord.  Thou didst have one sweet visit from him in the week, and why didst thou let him go?  Why didst thou not constrain him to abide with thee?  Why didst thou not lay hold of the skirts of his garment, and say, “Why shouldst thou be like a wayfaring man, and as one that turneth aside and tarrieth for a night?  Oh I my lord, thou shalt dwell with me.  I will keep thee.  I will detain thee in my company. I cannot let thee go.  I love thee and I will constrain thee to dwell with me this night and the next day.  Long as I can keep thee, will I keep thee.”  But no; thou wast foolish; thou didst let him go.  Oh! soul, why didst thou not lay hold of his arm, and say, “I will not let thee go.”  But thou didst lay hold on him so feebly, thou didst suffer him to depart so quickly, he might have turned round, and said to thee, as he said to Simon, “Simon, son of Jonas, lovest thou me?”

Now, I have asked you all these questions, because I have been asking them of myself.  I feel that I must answer to nearly every one of them, “Lord, there is great cause for me to ask myself that question,” and I think that most of you, if you are honest to yourselves, will say the same.  I do not approve of the man that says, “I know I love Christ, and I never have a doubt about it;” because we often have reason to doubt ourselves, a believer’s strong faith is not a strong faith in his own love to Christ — it is a strong faith in Christ’s love to him.  There is no faith which always believes that it loves Christ.  Strong faith has its conflicts, and a true believer will often wrestle in the very teeth of his own feelings.  Lord, if I never did love thee, nevertheless, if I am not a saint, I am a sinner.  Lord, I still believe; help thou mine unbelief.  The disciple can believe, when he feels no love; for he can believe that Christ loveth the soul; and when he hath no evidence he can come to Christ without evidence and lay hold of him, just as he is, with naked faith and still hold fast by him.  Though he see not his signs, though he walk in darkness and there be no light, still may he trust in the Lord, and stay upon his God — but to be certain at all times that we love the Lord is quite another matter; about this we have need continually to question ourselves, and most scrupulously to examine both the nature and the extent of our evidences.

II. And now I come to the second thing, which is A DISCREET ANSWER.

“Simon son of Jonas, lovest thou me?”  Simon gave a very good answer.  Jesus asked him, in the first place, whether he loved him better than others.  Simon would not say that: he had once been a little proud — more than a little — and thought he was better than the other disciples.  But this time he evaded that question, he would not say that he loved better than others.  And I am sure there is no loving heart that will think it loves even better than the least of God’s children.  I believe the higher a man is in grace, the lower he will be in his own esteem, and he will be the last person to claim any supremacy over others in the divine grace of love to Jesus.

But mark how Simon Peter did answer: he did not answer as to the quantity but as to the quality of his love.  He would aver that he loved Christ, but not that he loved Christ better than others.  “Lord, I cannot say how much I love thee; but thou knowest all things; thou knowest that I do love thee.  So far I can aver: as to the quantity of my love, I cannot say much about it.”

But just notice, again, the discreet manner in which Peter answered.  Some of us, if we had been asked that question, would have answered foolishly.  We should have said, “Lord, I have preached for thee so many times this week; Lord, I have distributed of my substance to the poor this week.  Blessed be thy name, thou last given me grace to walk humbly, faithfully, and honestly, and therefore, Lord, I think I can say, ‘I love thee.’”  We should have brought forward our good works before our Master, as being the evidences of our love; we should have said, “Lord, thou hast seen me during this week.  As Nehemiah did of old, “Forget not my good works. O Lord, I thank thee. I know they are thy gifts, but I think they are proofs of my love.”  That would have been a very good answer if we had been questioned by our fellow man, and he had said, “You do not always love your Savior;” but it would be foolish for us to tell the Master that.  Peter’s answer was wise; “Lord, thou knowest that I love thee.”  You know the Master might have said to Peter had he appealed to his works, “Yes, thou mayest preach and yet not love me; thou mayest pray and yet not love me; thou mayest do all these works and yet have no love to me.  I did not ask thee what are the evidences of thy love.  I asked thee the heart of it.”

Very likely all my dear friends here would not have answered in the fashion I have supposed; but they would have said, “Love thee Lord?  Why, my heart is all on fire towards thee; I feel as if I could go to prison and to death for thee!  Sometimes, when I think of thee, my heart is ravished with bliss; and when thou art absent, O Lord, I moan and cry like a dove that has lost its mate.  Yes, I feel I love thee, O my Christ.”  But that would have been very foolish, because although we may often rejoice in our own feelings — they are joyful things — it would not do to plead them with our Lord, for he might answer, “Ah! thou feelest joyful at the mention of my name.  So, no doubt, has many a deluded one, because he had a fictitious faith, and a fancied hope in Christ; therefore the name of Christ seemed to gladden him.  Thou sayst, ‘I have felt dull when thou hast been absent.’  That might have been accounted for from natural circumstances; you had a headache, perhaps, or some other ailment.  ‘But,’ sayest thou, ‘I felt so happy when he was present that I thought I could die.’ Ah, in such manner Peter had spoken many a time before; but a sorry mess he made of it when he trusted his feelings, for he would have sunk into the sea but for Christ; and eternally damned his soul, if it had not been for his grace, when, with cursing and swearing he thrice denied his Lord.  But no, Peter was wise; he did not bring forward his frames and feelings, nor did he bring his evidences: though they are good in themselves, he did not bring them before Christ.  But, as though he shall say, “Lord, I appeal to thine omnipotence. I am not going to tell thee that the volume of my heart must contain such-and-such matter, because there is such-and-such a mark on its cover; for, Lord, thou canst read inside of it; and, therefore I need not tell thee what the title is, nor read over to thee the index of the content; Lord, thou knowest that I love thee.”

Now, could we, this morning, dear friends, give such an answer as that to the question?  If Christ should come here, if he were now to walk down these aisles, and along the pews, could we appeal to his own divine Omniscience, his infallible knowledge of our hearts, that we all love him?  There is a test-point between a hypocrite and a real Christian.  If thou art a hypocrite, thou mightest say, “Lord, my minister knows that I love thee.  Lord, the deacons know that I love thee; they think I do, for they have given me a ticket [to participate in the Lord’s Supper], the members think I love thee; for they see me sitting at thy table; my friends think I love thee, for they often hear me talk about thee.”  But thou couldst not say, “Lord, thou knowest that I love thee.”  Thine own heart is witness that thy secret works belie thy confession, for thou art without prayer in secret, and thou canst preach a twenty minutes prayer in public.  Thou art niggardly and parsimonious in giving to the cause of Christ; but thou canst sport thy name to be seen.  Thou art an angry, petulant creature; but when thou comest to the house of God, thou hast a pious whine and talkest like a canting hypocrite, as if thou were a very gentlemanly man and never seemed angry.  Thou canst take thy Maker’s name in vain, but if thou hear another do it thou wouldst be mighty severe upon him.  Thou affectest to be very pious, and yet if men knew of that widow’s house that is sticking in thy throat, and of that orphan’s patrimony which thou hast taken from him, thou wouldst leave off trumpeting thy good deeds.  Thine own heart tells thee thou art a liar before God.

But thou, O sincere Christian, thou canst welcome thy Lord’s question and answer it with holy fear and gracious confidence.  Yes, thou mayest welcome the question.  Such a question was never put to Judas.  The Lord loved Peter so much that he was jealous over him, or he never would have thus challenged his attachment.  And in this kind cloth, he often appeal to the affections of those whom he dearly loves.  The response likewise is recorded for thee, “Lord, thou knowest all things.”  Canst thou not look up, though scorned by men, though even rejected by thy minister, though kept back by the deacons, and looked upon with disesteem by some — canst thou not look up, and say, “Lord, thou knowest all things, thou knowest that I love thee”?  Do it not in brag and bravado; but if you can do it sincerely, be happy, bless God that he has given you a sincere love to the Savior and ask him to increase it from a spark to a flame, and from a grain to a mountain.  “Simon, son of Jonas, lovest thou me?  Yea, Lord, thou knowest all things; thou knowest that I love thee.”

III. And now here is a DEMONSTRATION REQUIRED — “Feed my lambs: feed my sheep.”  That was Peter’s demonstration.  It is not necessary that it should be our way of showing our love.  There are different ways for different disciples.  There are some who are not qualified to feed lambs, for they are only little lambs themselves.  There are some that could not feed sheep, for they cannot at present see afar off; they are weak in the faith and not qualified to teach at all.  They have other means, however, of showing their love to the Savior.  Let us offer a few words upon this matter.

“Lovest thou me?”  Then one of the best evidences thou canst give is to feed my lambs.  Have I two or three little children that love and fear my name?  If thou wantest to do a deed, which shall show that thou art a true lover, and not a proud pretender; go and feed them.  Are there a few little ones whom I have purchased with my blood in an infant class?  Dost thou went to do something which shall evidence that thou art indeed mine?  Then sit not down with the elders, dispute not in the temple; I did that myself; but go thou, and sit down with the young orphans, and teach them the way to the kingdom.  “Feed my lambs.”

Dearly beloved, I have been of late perplexing myself with one thought: that our church-government is not scriptural.  It is scriptural as far as it goes; but it is not according to the whole of Scripture; neither do we practice many excellent things that ought to be practiced in our churches.  We have received into our midst a large number of young persons; in the ancient churches there was what was called the catechism class — I believe there ought to be such a class now.  The Sabbath-school, I believe, is in the Scripture; and I think there ought to be on the Sabbath afternoon, a class of the young people of this church, who are members already, to be taught by some of the elder members.  Now-a-days, when we get the lambs, we just turn them adrift in the meadow, and there we leave them.  There are more than a hundred young people in this church who positively, though they are members, ought not to be left alone; but some of our elders, if we have elders, and some who ought to be ordained elders, should make it their business to teach them further, to instruct them in the faith, and so keep them hard and fast by the truth of Jesus Christ.  If we had elders, as they had in all the apostolic churches, this might in some degree be attended to.  But now the hands of our deacons are full, they do much of the work of the eldership, but they cannot do any more than they are doing, for they are toiling hard already.  I would that some here whom God has gifted, and who have time, would spend their afternoons in taking a class of those who live around them, of their younger brethren, asking them to their houses for prayer and pious instruction, that so the lambs of the flock may be fed.  By God’s help, I will take care of the sheep; I will endeavor under God to feed them, as well as I can and preach the gospel to them.  You that are older in the faith and stronger in it need not that careful cautious feeding which is required by the lambs.

But there are many in our midst, good pious souls who love the Savior as much as the sheep do; but one of their complaints which I have often heard is, “Oh! sir, I joined your church.  I thought they would be all brothers and sisters to me, and that I could speak to them, and they would teach me and be kind to me.  Oh I sir, I came, and nobody spoke to me.”  I say, “Why did not you speak to them first?”  “Oh!” they reply, “I did not like.”  Well, they should have liked, I am well aware; but if we had some means of feeding the lambs, it would be a good way of proving to our Savior and to the world, that we really do endeavor to follow him.  I hope some of my friends will take that hint; and if, in concert with me, my brethren in office will endeavor to do something in that way, I think it will be no mean proof of their love to Christ.  “Feed my lambs,” is a great duty; let us try to practice it as we are able.

But, beloved, we cannot all do that; the lambs cannot feed the lambs; the sheep cannot feed the sheep exactly.  There must be some appointed to these offices.  And therefore, in the Savior’s name, allow me to say to some of you, that there are different kinds of proof you must give.  “Simon, son of Jonas, lovest thou me?”  He saith unto him, “Yea, Lord; thou knowest that I love thee.”  Then preserve that prayer-meeting; attend to it; see that it is kept going on, and that it does not fall to the ground.  “Simon, son of Jonas, lovest thou me?”  See to thy servants; see that they go to the house of God, and instruct them in the faith.  There is a sister: Lovest thou Christ?  “Yea, Lord.”  Perhaps it is as much as you can do — perhaps it is as much as you ought to do — to train up your children in the fear of the Lord.  It is of no use to trouble yourselves about duties that God never meant you to do and leave your own vineyard at home to itself.  Just take care of your own children; perhaps that is as good a proof as Christ wants of you that you are feeding his lambs.  You have your own office, to which Christ has appointed you: seek not to run away from it, but endeavor to do what you can to serve your Master therein.  But, I beseech you, do something to prove your love; do not be sitting down doing nothing.  Do not be folding your hands and arms, for such people perplex a minister most and bring the most ruin on a church — such as do nothing.  You are always the readiest to find fault.  I have marked it here, that the very people who are quarrelling with everything are the people that are doing nothing or are good for nothing.  They are sure to quarrel with everything else, because they are doing nothing themselves; and therefore they have time to find fault with other people.  Do not, O Christian, say that thou lovest Christ and yet do nothing for him.  Doing is a good sign of living; and he can scarce be alive unto God that does nothing for God.  We must let our works evidence the sincerity of our love to our Master.

“Oh!” say you, “but we are doing a little.”  Can you do any more?  If you can, then do it.  If you cannot do more, then God requires no more of you; doing to the utmost of your ability is your best proof; but if you can do more, inasmuch as ye keep back any part of what ye can do, in that degree ye give cause to yourselves to distrust your love to Christ.  Do all you can to your very utmost; serve him abundantly; ay, and superabundantly: seek to magnify his name; and if ever you do too much for Christ, come and tell me of it; if you ever do too much for Christ, tell the angels of it — but you will never do that.  He gave himself for you; give yourselves to him.

You see, my friends, how I have been directing you to search your own hearts, and I am almost afraid that some of you will mistake my intention.  Have I a poor soul here who really deplores the languor of her affections?  Perhaps you have determined to ask yourself as many questions as you can with a view of reviving the languid sparks of love.  Let me tell you then that the pure flame of love must be always nourished where it was first kindled.  When I admonished you to look to yourself it was only to detect the evil; would you find the remedy, you must direct your eyes, not to your own heart, but to the blessed heart of Jesus — to the Beloved one — to my gracious Lord and Master.  And wouldst thou be ever conscious of the sweet swellings up of thy heart towards him; thou canst only prove this by a constant sense of his tender love to thee.

I rejoice to know that the Holy Ghost is the Spirit of love, and the ministry of the Spirit is endeared to me in nothing so much as this, that he takes of the things of Jesus, and shows them to me, spreading abroad the Savior’s love in my heart, until it constrains all my passions, awakens the tenderest of all tender emotions, reveals my union to him, and occasions my strong desire to serve him.  Let not love appear to thee as a stern duty, or an arduous effort; rather look to Jesus, yield thyself up to his gracious charms till thou art ravished with his beauty and preciousness.  But ah! if thou art slack in the proofs thou givest, I shall know thou art not walking with him in holy communion.

And allow me to suggest one profitable way of improving the ordinance of the Lord’s Supper.  That is: while you are partaking of it, my friends, renew your dedication to Christ.  Seek this morning to give yourselves over afresh to your Master.  Say with your hearts, what I shall now say with my lips: “Oh! my precious Lord Jesus, I do love thee; thou knowest I have in some degree given myself to thee up to this time, thanks to thy grace!  Blessed be thy name, that thou hast accepted the deeds of so unworthy a servant.  O Lord, I am conscious that I have not devoted myself to thee as I ought; I know that in many things I have come short.  I will make no resolution to live better to thine honor, but I will offer the prayer that thou wouldst help me so to do.  Oh! Lord, I give to thee my health, my life, my talents, my power, and all I have!  Thou hast bought me, and bought me wholly: then, Lord, take me this morning, baptize me in the Spirit, let me now feel an entire affection to thy blessed person.  May I have that love which conquers sin and purifies the soul — that love which can dare danger and encounter difficulties for thy sake.  May I henceforth and forever be a consecrated vessel of mercy, having been chosen of thee from before the foundation of the world!  Help me to hold fast that solemn choice of thy service which I desire this morning, by thy grace to renew.”  And when you drink the blood of Christ, and eat his flesh spiritually — in the type and in the emblem, then I beseech you, let the solemn recollection of his agony and suffering for you inspire you with a greater love, that you may be more devoted to his service than ever.  If that be done, I shall have the best of churches; if that be done by us, the Holy Spirit helping us to carry it out, we shall all be good men and true, holding fast by him, and we shall not need to be ashamed in the awful day.

As for you that have never given yourselves to Christ, I dare not tell you to renew a vow which you have never made; nor dare I ask you to make a vow, which you would never keep.  I can only pray for you, that God the Savior would be pleased to reveal himself unto your heart, that “a sense of blood-bought pardon” may “dissolve your hearts of stone;” that you may be brought to give yourselves to him, knowing that if you have done that, you have the best proof that he has given himself for you.  May God Almighty bless you: those of you who depart, may he dismiss with his blessing: and those who remain, may you receive his favor, for Christ’s sake.  Amen.

The final section of this truly wondrous and most blessed Gospel contains teaching greatly needed by our fickle and feeble hearts.  The central figures are the Lord and Simon Peter, and what we have here is the sequel to what was before us in chapter thirteen, the Lord washing the feet of His disciples.  There, too, Peter was to the fore and that because he occupies the position of a representative believer; that is, his fall and the cause of it, his restoration and the means employed for it, illustrate the experiences of the Christian and the provisions which Divine grace has made for him.

The first thing recorded in connection with Peter’s fall is our Lord’s words to him before it took place: “Simon, Simon, behold, Satan hath desired to have you, that he may sift you as wheat.  But I have prayed for thee, that thy faith fail not: and when thou art converted, strengthen thy brethren” (Luke 22:31-32).  This is very solemn and very blessed.  Solemn is it to observe that the Lord prayed not to keep Peter from failing.  In suffering His apostle to fall, the Lord’s mercy comes out most signally, for that fall was necessary in order to reveal to Peter the condition of his heart, to show him the worthlessness of self-confidence, and to humble his proud spirit.  The need for Satan’s “sifting” was at once made manifest by the Apostle’s reply, “And he said unto him, Lord, I am ready to go with thee, both into prison, and to death” (Luke 22:33).

“This is a condition which not only exposes one to a fall, but from which the fall itself may be the only remedy.  We have to learn that when we are weak only are we strong; and that Christ’s strength is made perfect in our weakness.  Peter’s case is a typical one; and thus it is so valuable for us.  “The Lord Himself, in such a case as this, cannot pray (“cannot” morally do so — A.W.P.) that Peter may not fall, but that he may be ‘converted’ by it, turned from that dangerous self-confidence to consciousness of his inability to trust himself, even for a moment.  Here Satan is foiled and made to serve the purpose of that grace which he hates and resists.  He can overpower this self-sufficient Peter; but only to fling him for relief upon his omnipotent Lord. Just as the ‘messenger of Satan to buffet’ Paul (2 Corinthians 12), only works for what he in nowise desires, to repress the pride so ready to spring up in us, and which the lifting up to the third heaven might tend to foster.  Here there had been no fall and all was over-ruled for fullest blessing; in Peter’s case, on the other hand, Satan’s effort would be to assail the fallen disciple with suggestions of a sin too great to be forgiven — or, at least, for restoration to that eminent place from which it would be torture to remember he had fallen.  What he needed to meet this with was faith; and this, therefore, the Lord prays, might not fail him.

“How careful is He to revive and strengthen in the humbled man the practical confidence so needful!  The knowledge of it all given him beforehand — of the prayer made for him — of the exhortation addressed to him when restored, to ‘strengthen his brethren’ — all this would be balm indeed for his wounded soul; but even this was not enough for his compassionate Lord.  The first message of His resurrection had to be addressed specially ‘to Peter’ (Mark 16:7), and to ‘Cephas’ himself He appears, before the Twelve (1 Corinthians 15:5).  Thus He will not shrink back when they are all seen together.  When we find him at the sea of Tiberias, it is easy to realize that all this has done its work.  Told that it is the Lord who is there on the shore, he girds on his outer garment, and casts himself into the sea, impatient to meet his Lord.  But now he is ready, and only now, for that so necessary dealing with his conscience, when his heart is fully assured” (Numerical Bible).

Mark carefully how the Lord began: not with a reproach, still less a word of condemnation, nor even with a “Why did you deny Me?” but “Lovest thou me more than these?”  Yet, observe that the Lord did not now address him as “Peter,” but “Simon son of Jonas.”  This is not without its significance.  “Simon” was his original name and stands in contrast from the new name which the Lord had given him: “And when Jesus beheld him, he said, thou art Simon the son of Jonas: that shalt be called Cephas (Peter), which is by interpretation, A stone” (John 1:42).  The way in which the Lord now addressed His disciple intentionally called into question the “Peter.”  Mark how that in Luke 22:31 the Lord said, “Simon, Simon, behold Satan hath desired to have you, that he may sift you as wheat.”  Christ would here remind him of his entire past as a natural man, and especially that his fall had originated in “Simon” and not “Peter!”  On only one other occasion did the Lord address him as “Simon son of Jonah” and that was in Matthew 16:17, “Jesus answered and said unto him, Blessed art thou, Simon son of Jonah: for flesh and blood hath not revealed it unto thee, but my Father which is in heaven.”  But note that the Lord is quick to add, “And I say also unto thee, that thou art Peter, and upon this rock I will build my church: and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it.  And I will give unto thee the keys of the kingdom.”

Thus this first word of the Lord to His disciple in John 21:15 was designed to pointedly remind him of his glorious confession, which would serve to make him the more sensitive of his late and awful denial. “Lovest thou me more than these?” This was still more searching than the name by which Christ had addressed His Apostle.  He would not heal Peter’s wound slightly, but would work a perfect cure; therefore, does He as it were, open it afresh.  The Savior would not have him lose the lesson of his fall, nor in the forgiveness forget his sin.  Consequently He now delicately retraces for him the sad history of his denial, or rather by His awakening question brings it before his conscience.  Peter had boasted, “Though all shall be offended, yet will not I:” he not only trusted in his own loyalty, but congratulated himself that his love to Christ surpassed that of the other Apostles.  Therefore did the Lord now ask, “Lovest thou me more than these?” i.e., more than these apostles love Me?

“He said unto him, Yea Lord; thou knowest that I love thee” (John 21:15).  An opportunity had graciously been given Peter to retract his former boast and gladly did he now avail himself of it.  First, he began with a frank and heartfelt confession “thou knowest.”  He leaves it to the Searcher of hearts to determine.  He could not appeal to his ways, for they had reflected upon his love; he would not trust his own heart any longer; so he appeals to Christ Himself to decide.  Yet observe, he did not say “thou knowest if (or whether) I love thee,” but “thou knowest that I love thee” — he rested on the Lord’s knowledge of his love; thus there was both humility and confidence united.

“It was as though he said, ‘Thou hast known me from the beginning as son of Jonah; drawn me to Thee, hast kindled love in my soul, hast called me Peter; Thou didst warn of my blindness, and pray for my faith, and hast since forgiven me; Thou hast looked, both before and since Thy death, into my heart, with eyes of grace, so Thou knowest all!  What I feel concerning my love is this, that I am far from loving Thee as I ought and as Thou art worthy of being loved; but Thou, O Lord, knowest that in spite of my awful failure, and notwithstanding my present weakness and deficiency, I do love Thee’“ (Stier).

“He saith unto him, Feed my lambs” (John 21:15). What marvelous grace was this!  Not only does the Lord accept Peter’s appeal to His omniscience, but He gives here a blessed commission. Christ was so well satisfied with Peter’s reply that He does not even confirm it with, “Verily, I do know it.”  Instead, He responds by honoring and rewarding his love.  Christ was about to leave this world, so He now appoints others to minister to His people.  “Feed my lambs.”  The change of figure here from fishing to shepherding is striking: the one suggests the evangelist, the other the pastor and teacher.  The order is most instructive.   Those who have been saved need shepherding — caring for, feeding, defending.  And those whom Christ first commends to Peter were not the “sheep” but the “lambs” — the weak and feeble of the flock; and these are the ones who have the first claim on us!  Note Christ calls them “my lambs,” denoting His authority to appoint the under-shepherds.

“He saith to him again the second time, Simon, son of Jonas, lovest thou me?” (John 21:16).  The Lord now drops the comparative “more than these” and confines Himself to love itself.  This question is one which He is still asking of each of those who profess to believe in Him.  “‘Lovest thou me?’ is, in reality, a very searching question.  We may know much, and do much, and talk much, and give much, and go through much, and make much show in our religion, and yet be dead before God for want of love, and at last go down to the Pit.  Do we love Christ?  That is the great question.  Without this there is no vitality about our Christianity.  We are no better than painted wax-figures: there is no life where there is no love” (Bishop Ryle).

“He saith unto him, Yea, Lord; Thou knowest that I love thee” (John 21:16).  In this passage, there are two distinct words in the Greek which are translated by the one English word “love,” and it is most instructive to follow their occurrences here.  The one is a much stronger term than the other.  To preserve the distinction the one might be rendered “love” and the other “affection” or “attachment.”  When the Lord asked Peter, “Lovest thou me?”  He used, both in John 21:15 and 16, the stronger word.  But when Peter answered, what he really said, each time, was “thou knowest that I have affection for thee.”  So far was he now from boasting of the superiority of his love, he would not own it as the deepest kind of love at all!  Once more the response of Divine grace is what Peter receives: “He saith unto him, Feed my sheep” (John 21:16).  The word for “feed” here is more comprehensive than the one which the Lord had used in the previous verse, referring primarily to rule and discipline.  Observe the Lord again calls them “my sheep,” not “thy sheep” — thus anticipating and refuting the pretensions of the Pope!

“He saith unto him the third time, Simon, son of Jonas, lovest thou me?” (John 21:17).  Here the Lord Himself uses the weaker term — “Hast thou affection for me?  Grace reigns through righteousness” (Romans 5:21).  Three times had Peter denied his Master; three times, then, did the Lord challenge his love.  This was according to “righteousness.”  But in thus challenging Peter, the Lord gave him the opportunity of now thrice confessing Him.  This was according to “grace.”

In His first question, the Lord challenged the superiority of Peter’s love.  In His second question, the Lord challenged whether Peter had any love at all.  Here, in His third question, the Lord now challenges even his affection! Most searching was this!  But it had the desired effect.  The Lord wounds only that He may heal.

“Peter was grieved because he said unto him the third time, Lovest thou me?” (John 21:17).  Here we are shown once more the power of the Word. This was indeed the sequel to John 13.  That Peter was “grieved” does not mean that he was offended at the Lord because He repeated His question, but it signifies that he was touched to the quick, was deeply sorrowful, as he re- called his threefold denial.  It is parallel with his “weeping bitterly” in Luke 22:62.  This being “grieved” evidenced his perfect contrition! But if it was grievous for the disciple to be thus probed and have called to remembrance his sad fall, how much more grievous must it have been to the Master Himself to be denied?

“And he said unto him, Lord, thou knowest all things; thou knowest that I love thee” (John 21:17).  Beautiful is it to behold here the transforming effects of Divine grace.  He would not now boast that his love was superior to that of others; he would not even allow that he had any love; nay more, he is at last brought to the place where he now declines to avow even his affection.  He therefore casts himself on Christ’s omniscience. “Lord,” he says, “thou knowest all things.”  Men could see no signs of any love or affection when I denied Thee; but Thou canst read my very heart; I appeal therefore to Thine all-seeing eye.  That Christ knew all things comforted this disciple, as it should us.  Peter realized that the Lord knew the depths as well as the surfaces of things, and therefore, that He saw what was in his poor servant’s heart, though his lips had so transgressed.  Thus did he once more own the absolute Deity of the Savior.  Thus, too, did he rebuke those who would now talk and sing of their love for Christ!

“His self-judgment is complete.  Searched out under the Divine eye, he is found and owns himself, not better but worse than others; so self-emptied that he cannot claim quality for his love at all.  The needed point is reached: the strong man converted to weakness is now fit to strengthen his brethren; and, as Peter descends step by step the ladder of humiliation, step by step the Lord follows him with assurance of the work for which he is destined” (Numerical Bible).

“Jesus saith unto him, Feed my sheep” (John 21:17).  “The Evangelist relates in what manner Peter was restored to that rank of honor from which he had fallen.  The treacherous denial, which had been formerly described, had undoubtedly rendered him unworthy of the Apostleship; for how could he be capable of instructing others in the faith, who had basely revolted from it?  He had been made an Apostle, but from the time that he had acted the part of a coward, he had been deprived of the honor of Apostleship.  Now, therefore, the liberty, as well as the authority of teaching, is restored to him, both of which he had lost through his own fault.  That the disgrace of his apostasy might not stand in the way, Christ blots it out and fully restores the erring one.  Such a restoration was needed both for Peter and his hearers; for Peter, that he might the more boldly exercise himself, being assured of the calling with which Christ had again invested him; for his hearers, that the stain which attached to him might not be the occasion of despising the Gospel” (John Calvin).

We may add that this searching conversation between Christ and Peter took place in the presence of six of the other Apostles: his sin was a public one, so also must be his repudiation of it!  Note that in Acts 20:28 all the “elders” are exhorted to feed the flock!  “Jesus saith unto him, Feed my sheep.”  If you love Me, here is the way to manifest it.  It is only those who truly love Christ that are fitted to minister to His flock!  The work is so laborious, the appreciation is often so small, the response so discouraging, the criticisms so harsh, the attacks of Satan so fierce, that only the “love of Christ” — His for us and ours for Him — can “constrain” to such work.  “Hirelings” will feed the goats, but only those who love Christ can feed His sheep. Unto this work the Lord now calls Peter.  Not only had Christ restored the disciple’s soul (Psalm 23:3), but also his official ministry; another was not to take his bishopric — contrast Judas (Acts 1:20)!

“Jesus saith unto him, Feed my sheep.” Marvelous grace was this.  Not only is Peter freely forgiven, not only is he fully restored to his apostleship, but the Lord commends to him (though not to him alone) that which was dearest to Him on earth — His sheep! There is nothing in all this world nearer the heart of Christ than those for whom He shed His precious blood, and therefore He could not give to Peter a more affecting proof of His confidence than by committing to his care the dearest objects of His wondrous love!  It is to be noted that the Lord here returns to the same word for “feed” which He had used in John 21:15.  Whatever may be necessary in the way of rule and discipline (the force of “feed” in John 21:16), yet, the first (John 21:15) and the last (John 21:17) duty of the under-shepherd is to feed the flock — nothing else can take the place of ministering spiritual nourishment to Christ’s people!