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“For whatsoever is born of God overcometh the world: and this is the victory that overcometh the world, even our faith. Who is he that overcometh the world, but he that believeth that Jesus is the Son of God?”—1 John 5:4, 5.

What is this “world” that we have to overcome?  Did not God make the world, and did he not see “every thing that he had made, and, behold, it was very good?”  Yes, he did; but, after sin entered this world, men came under its power and, now, by “the world” is meant all mankind who remain under the power of sin, and are enemies to God.  “The world” means the whole corrupt mass of human society out of which God has taken a people whom he has chosen for himself, whom he quickens by his Divine Spirit, and whose business it is to overcome the world.  They will find that the world—the power of evil—will war against them, and they also must war against it, and the issue of the battle must not long be doubtful.  There remains for us only one of two courses; either the world must overcome us and we must yield to it; or, else, we must overcome the world and cause it to submit to us.

The apostle helps us to understand what he means by “the world” by what he says in the third verse: “This is the love of God that we keep his commandments and his commandments are not grievous.”  Now, anything which makes us think that God’s will is grievous is of the spirit of the world, against which we have to fight.  If, for instance, we are tempted to think that the restrictions of God’s law—his commandments and precepts are too stringent, it is the spirit of the world which tempts us so to think; for “his commandments are not grievous” to those who truly love him.  It is only to the rebellious world that the restrictions of God appear to be too stringent or that the commands of Christ become burdensome.  If we are suffering pain or poverty or whatever form of trial we may be called to endure, if we are tempted to say, “God is dealing harshly with us, he is unkind to us,” that also is manifesting the spirit of the world against which we are to contend until we conquer it.  For God’s will is always right; and if we really love him, we shall own that it is right; and though, for a while, we may have to fight against the spirit of rebellion, yet, if we are indeed God’s children, we must get the mastery over that spirit of evil; and, so, the will of God, even when it involves pain, weakness, shame, or death itself, shall still be perfectly agreeable to us because it is the will of God.  We have not completely conquered the spirit of the world until we can truthfully say that the commandments of God, so far from being grievous to us, are acceptable simply because; they come from Him.

Now I propose, as God shall help me, first, to speak of the conquest itself. Then, of the conquering nature: “whatsoever is born of God overcometh the world;” and, thirdly, of the conquering weapon: “this is the victory that overcometh the world, even our faith.”

I. First, then, concerning THE CONQUEST ITSELF.

What is it to overcome the world?  Certainly, it is not to go about the world blustering and bullying everybody until they all lie prostrate at our feet; because, if we could accomplish such a feat as that, the world would, in such a case, have overcome us, and we should not have conquered it.  We should have displayed a spirit and temper betokening the pride of power, the desire to rule over others—and this love would have mastered us.  Alexander the Great, when he was master of the whole world, was the greatest slave within it, for he was discontented even with his victories; the pride of conquest held him in captivity by its iron chain.  No; he who aims at the highest greatness in this world may only be more greatly selfish than the rest of mankind, and what is that but to be really little?  He is truly great who is the most unselfish and he is the least of all who lives for himself alone.

Neither is it overcoming the world if you try to get out of it, and to live by yourself, so as never to be tempted to sin.  I have seen a man on his knees by the hour together, reading some pious Latin book, living in a monastery where he never spoke—he had evidently conquered his tongue, because he gave no answer to anybody who ever spoke to him.  He was reckoned, by his brother-monks, to have overcome the world; but had he really done so?  Ask any soldier whether a man who slinks away in the day of battle and hides among the baggage and does not fight at all, is a conqueror.  That would be a very easy way of winning a victory—just to escape from the fight—to be of no service in the battle between good and evil, but just to hide away in your own little snuggery over there, in the monastery, or the convent, or the hermitage; it might be an easy way of believing that you had conquered because you had ceased to fight, but that delusion would not make the victory yours.  No, brethren; you and I have to roll up our shirt-sleeves, and go into the world, and work like other people; we have to mingle with our fellow-men, and, as the Lord God said to Adam, in the sweat of our face have we to eat our bread.  It may be our occupation to have to add up those long columns of figures, or to measure up those bales of goods, or to talk to our fellow-men on various matters; but, whatever our employment may be; we have to be in the world, and we have to conquer it; to be in the world, yet not of it—as much separated from the rest of mankind as if we belonged to an alien race—conquerors of it wherever we go, not by getting out of it, but by mingling with the men and women in it—doing all that is lawful and right, and all that is expected that a man should do to his fellow-men; yet, all the while, being conquerors over the evil spirit of the world.

Now, having shown you what this conquest of the world is not, let; us turn to the positive side of the question, and see what it is.  The first thing that is necessary with many who are seeking to overcome the world is, to cut themselves loose from the world’s customs. They were born into the world; one man has his own little world and another man has another little world; but every man, sooner or later, finds himself in a world of sin.  There are ungodly companions with whom he is linked—evil associations to which he is bound.  There are some men who, in their unconverted state, give themselves up entirely to the pleasures of the world, the amusements and frivolities of what is called “Society.”  Now, if such men ever expect to overcome the world, the very first thing they must do is to cut their old connections altogether, to sever all the bonds which unite them to those who lead them into sin.

Such a thing has often happened as for a man, who has been the best of company, and the choicest of good fellows among worldlings, to sit down in quietness for half an hour, and God the Holy Ghost has wrought so mightily upon his heart that he has said to himself, “What have I been doing but playing the fool to make other fools laugh?  How am I spending my time?  I must honestly say that I am doing no real good with it.  What am I making of my manhood?  Here it is—well-nigh six feet of it, and it will soon lie in six feet of earth—what am I doing that is really worth the doing?  Am I not really wasting my time?  This style of living will not do.” Ah! the blessed Spirit has begun working in the man, and he has wept before his God as he has thought over his wasted life.  Further, he has, by faith, looked to Jesus on the cross, and he has said, “Thou, blessed Savior, hast redeemed me; so, henceforth, I will be thine.  As I live by thee, I will live for thee, and for my fellow-men.”

After arriving, by God’s grace, at that decision, he has become a different man from what he used to be.  His old companions could not get him back to his former haunts, however much they might try to do so.  Even if he should go there, they would not long want him with them, for he would not be any longer of their way of thinking or their way of acting, for he would be a changed man altogether.  There are many of you who would like to come to that decision, but you never appear willing actually to decide to serve the Lord; you are always going to do it, yet you never do it.  You hesitating people are the most unhappy folk in the whole world, for you neither get comfort out of your present condition, nor out of that better condition after which you sometimes aspire, but which you have not the courage resolutely to seek after until you find it.  Some men have just enough conscience to make them miserable, but they have not enough force in it to make them determine that things shall be altered.  Their religion is very much like the experience of certain boys who, professedly, go out to bathe in the early morning.  They put their toes into the water, and shiver all over with the cold; but the brave swimmer takes a header, plunges right in, is soon in a fine glow and comes out praising the delightful bath he has had.  I would urge every man who is just now upon the point of deciding—and I pray God the Holy Spirit, with his almighty energy, to back up my urging—that he may now say-

“‘Tis done,—the great transaction’s done,

I am my Lord’s, and he is mine.”

I pray that he may henceforth be, a changed man, that he may forsake his former evil ways, and live wholly unto God.  That is the first part of overcoming the world—breaking loose from its bonds, so that one can say, “I am not tied down by it any longer; by God’s grace, I am a free man in Christ Jesus.”

But that emancipation is merely a beginning.  Overcoming the world further consists in maintaining that freedom. Oh, what a work is this!  It is no child’s play for a man to say, “No, I will never again be the slave that I used to be.  By God’s eternal grace, I have broken off this fetter and that, and never again shall those chains be fastened upon me.  Great God, by thine almighty love, thou hast loosed my bonds; I am thy free man; I am free indeed, and I will fight for my freedom, and under no possible circumstances will I go back again to my old slavery.”  Ay, but that fight is the difficulty; and I shall have to show you that nobody can be victorious in that fight unless he is one of a peculiar race—-those who are born of God, born from above.  This is a stern battle—when the world surrounds us everywhere,—when pleasure tempts us,—when gain tries to corrupt us,—when poverty assails us,—when evil company seeks to sway us,—it is hard for us to come right straight, out of all our former associations, and then to keep out—remaining conquerors over the world throughout the whole of the rest of our life; and being conquerors even in death, having vanquished the world even on our dying bed.

Part of the overcoming of the world consists in our being raised above circumstances. Remember how the apostle Paul had conquered the world.  He sat in prison shivering with the cold; but he said, “I know how to be abased.”  He went, by-and-by, into the houses of some of his friends, where they gave him all that he could desire; and he said, “I know how to abound.”  It is not an easy thing to be such a master of the world that the utmost poverty cannot make you miserable; yet God can give you grace to say, “I can be poor, but I will be upright. I can lose every stick that I have, but I will stand fast by Jesus Christ, my Lord and Savior; and while I have him, I cannot be cast down.”

I say that; the fight against poverty is a very stern one; but the battle against the seductions of wealth is a far sterner one.  Perhaps some of you think that you would like to fight that battle; I daresay you would, but you do not know what you are wishing.  I see many men who are very gracious under all sorts of want; and I see many other men who, in proportion as they grow rich in worldly things, grow poor as to spiritual things.  Very often, just in proportion as men get high in earthly position, in that proportion they cease to do any thing that is of any particular service to anybody.  I do not know what would become of any of us if we were made peers of the realm.  It is, I have no doubt, a great trial to anybody to be so exalted; but there is scarcely a person here who could wear a coronet and yet faithfully serve the Lord; and probably there is not a man or a woman among us who could endure the trial of being made a king or a queen.  It needs more than a world of grace to overcome the world when the world makes much of you.  When God does give us piety in high places, as, blessed be his holy name, he sometimes does, we ought to be most grateful for it, for it is a plant that does not grow well in such a situation as that.  The old couplet is still true,—

“Gold and the gospel seldom do agree,

Religion always sides with poverty.”

It has been so from the first, and I suppose, it will be so to the last.  But the true conquest of the world is, to be indifferent about all such things—to be grateful for abounding mercies, and to be grateful even for straitened circumstances.  They used to say, “Philosophers can be merry without music,” and, certainly, Christians can be happy without having their cup perpetually full.  “I have learned,” said the apostle Paul, “in whatsoever state I am, therewith to be content.”  Happy are all they who have learned the same lesson, for this is overcoming the world.

Once more, dear friends, to overcome the world is to be above its threats and above its bribes. You working-men, who are Christians, often have a hard time of it; but when your work-mates mock and jeer at you, and call you ill names, never mind them.  Overcome the world by patiently enduring all the persecution that falls to your lot.  Do not get angry and do not become downhearted.  Jests break no bones; and if you had any bone broken for Christ’s sake, it would be the most honored one in your whole body.  Still, you need not wish to have the friendship of this world, and you must not expect to have it, for the world loves not God’s people.  Look how it served them in ages gone by; hanging was thought to be too good for them, so it roasted them alive.  The world would have exterminated the saints if it could have done so; and, today, what does the world say of Christians?  “Oh! they are either fools or fanatics, or else they are a set of canting hypocrites.”  If a man preaches the gospel, and many are drawn to hear him, cavillers cry, “Oh! He is a mountebank.”  If any Christian man is very precise, and particular, they say, “Ugh! He is one of the sniveling Puritans.”  They never know anything bad enough to say of genuine Christians.  They do not like us; it were a pity that they should, for they did not like our Master, and they do not like our Father.  If we will consent to hide our doctrines or to daub them over with the philosophical luminous paint of the present period, they will put up with us; but if we bring out pure gospel truth, straightway they will be down upon us.

Yet there are some of God’s people that the world does love, when they do the world a good turn.  If their love to man leads them to a high philanthropy, and if the world can get anything out of them, it does not mind loving them.  It has a cupboard love even to saints; and if there is any profit to be made out of them, the world will love them, though not their saintship.  They like Mr. So-and-So as a politician; but when it, comes to his religion, they say, “That is his weak point.”  They do not care to interfere with that.  They admire another man because of his care for the poor—the widow and the fatherless; but they have the doctrine of the cross which he delights to preach and which is to him the very joy of his heart.

On the other hand, when the world cannot frighten us by frowns, it often tries to woo us by smiles.  “Oh!” it cries to us, “you really are righteous overmuch, you are too good.  You need not be so precise; come just a little way with us, yield only an inch, that is all we ask.”  No, brethren, yield no inches for all the smiles on this Jezebel’s painted face; but stand out just as boldly against her blandishments as against her thunderbolts.  Care nothing for her opinion or hear action either way; for, if you do, you will not have overcome the world.  God help us, by his gracious Spirit, to be conquerors in that sense!

To overcome the world, further, means to be above the influence of the world’s example. As I said before, we have, each one of us, our own little world; and we all are, to a certain degree, subject to the influences of those who surround us.  The young man, in business, who begins as a Christian, is too often influenced by the pernicious maxims and customs of the trade with which he is connected.  Men mingle in society and each one to some extent affects the others.  How often is a pious child grievously affected by an ungodly parent!  How frequently a gracious servant is ill-affected by an ungodly master or mistress!  But if you really overcome the world, you will live above its influence.  You will be like one, who is obliged to go where the air is foul and disease is rife, but who has such a healthy constitution that he does not catch the disease and is not polluted by the impurity.  There is no seed-plot within him for the disease to grow upon.  Blessed is that man who is himself an example to his fellows—who does not so much come under the influence of others as cast his own influence over others.  God make all of you, beloved, such true leaders of mankind in the right direction because you have yourselves overcome the world!

If you want to see, the portrait of a man who overcame the world, look at Abraham.  He was at home with his father in Haran, and God said to him, “Come forth;” and away he went, with Sarah, and Lot, and their flocks and herds.  The well-watered plain of Jordan lay before him, and he might have settled in it, as Lot did; but it did not tempt him, he dwelt alone, with his flocks and his herds, where God had bidden him go.  The king of Sodom, and Abraham’s nephew, Lot, were carried away captive; and, for the sake of Lot, Abraham went with a band of men, smote the allied kings and delivered the prisoners.  The king of Sodom said to him, “Give me the persons and take the goods to thyself.”  Now, according to the rules of war, the spoil were all Abraham’s; but, oh, how grandly did he behave!  He was not going to be conquered by the world, so he said to the king of Sodom, “I will not take from a thread even to a shoe latchet, I will not take anything that is thine, lest thou shouldest say, I have made Abram rich;”— which was as much as saying, “I have a right to it if I like to take it, but I waive my rights, I act from higher motives than the ordinary rules of men can supply; the Lord Jehovah is my Helper and Provider, and I live upon what he gives me.  He can make me rich without the help of the king of Sodom, so take your goods, and go.”

See also how nobly he overcame the world on that memorable day when God said, “I will now see whether Abraham really does love me best of all.  He has one boy—the child of his old age—and I will tell him to offer him up in sacrifice.”  And grandly did the patriarch, in that fiery trial, overcome the world; for Isaac was, practically, all the world to him on that day when he unsheathed the knife and proved that his love to God was superior to everything else; and this is the kind of conquest to which you, beloved, are also called.  May God grant that you may be well equipped for it and be truly victorious in it!

II. Now, secondly, I think you will be prepared, after my giving this explanation of what it is to overcome, the world, to hear about THE CONQUERING NATURE: “Whatsoever is born of God overcometh the world.”

Do you all know what it is to be born of God?  I do not think I can tell you, in so many words, exactly what it is, though I know for myself.  It is not simply to be improved and reformed.  It is a grand thing when a man, who has been degraded, lives in a better fashion; but a cobbler might take an old shoe, and mend it, yet that would not make it a new one.  Being born of God is also more than being made anew.  It includes that, but that is not all that it includes.  For God, Who makes all things, can new-make them when he pleases; yet that does not make them to be born of him.  We all know what it is for one person to be born of another; you were all born of your father, and of your mother, and so you became partakers of your parents’ nature.  In like manner, only in a far higher sense, regeneration is more than creation, for there is in it a kinship with God.  So, being born again makes us something more than God’s creatures; we are God’s children.  You know that blessed truth of adoption, by which God takes men and adopts them into his family; but regeneration is a great deal more than adoption.  A man may have an adopted child, but yet it is really no child of his; there is nothing of himself in it, and he cannot put his nature into it.  But we are not only God’s adopted children; if we are indeed born from above, we are God’s newborn children.  The divine nature is actually put into us when we are born of God; is not that a wonderful thing?  And that miracle of mercy must be wrought in all of us who are ever to overcome the world.

For notice this, no nature but the divine nature will ever try to overcome the world. By nature, we are of the world; and that which is of the world will not fight against the world, it will not even think of doing so.  “That which is born of the flesh is flesh;” and flesh will not fight against flesh.  Our Lord Jesus said to the Jews, “Ye are of your father the devil;” but the devil will not fight against the world or try to overcome it, for his course is the course of this world, he is the prince of it.  But where the divine nature comes, it comes to fight against the world.  The holy nature of God never enters into a man but what that man cries, “Now will I be wholly free from sin; now will I shake off every fetter of it.”  “Now,” saith he, under the power of this divine inner life, “I do scorn the thought that I, who am born of God, should be a slave to sin—that I, who bear within me something of the Deity—I, who am a twice-born man, begotten again by God the everlasting Father, of whom I here become a child—I loathe the very idea of yielding to sin.”  That is the kind of man to overcome the world because of the divine nature within him.

For, see, the regenerated man is sure to overcome the world, when he goes to fight against it, because, first, he has the Spirit of the Father in him. Now, God the Father is the world’s Creator; so the world can never be a match for its Creator.  He made it, and he can destroy it whenever he pleases to do so.  It is not possible that sin should overcome God, for, as the apostle James tells us, “God cannot be tempted with evil, neither tempteth he any man.”   He is by nature perfectly holy and when this divine nature is put into a man, it is still holy, and it cannot sin, because it is born of God.

This new nature is also akin to the nature of Christ; and you know how the second Person of the blessed Trinity—the Christ of God, dwelt here among men, and the world could never overcome him.  Men could kill him, and they did; but they could not make him sin.  They could drive him from place to place; but they could not make him angry, they could not provoke him to speak any word that he might afterwards regret.  They could never get anything from him which, was worthy of reproach or of rebuke.  They called all the witnesses they could to testify against him; but even the false witnesses could not agree together, for he was “holy, harmless, undefiled, and separate from sinners.”  And even on the cross of Calvary, when they hung him up to die, his dying pangs could extort from him nothing but a prayer, “Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do.”  And thus he conquered the world, for the human nature in him, blended with the divine, could not be conquered by the world, it was not possible.

Further, we become akin to the Divine Spirit by being born of God, and the Holy Spirit cannot be conquered by the world.  It is he that doth convince the world of sin.  It is he that shall yet win this world for Christ.  He is omnipotent; so, when the Spirit of God dwelleth within us, as he does when we receive the divine nature, it is not possible that he should be conquered, or that we should be conquered by the world.

Now, men and brethren, harken to these words.  Do you not see that you must overcome the world, or else you will perish?  But you cannot overcome the world as you are.  You must, therefore, be born again.  Your only hope lies in your being born of God; and this, if it is even to take place, must be God’s work.  It is God alone who can do it; so you are like ships on their beam-ends, you cannot “right” yourselves.  Cry, therefore, with your whole heart unto God, and ask him to work this miracle in you.”

Salvation is of the Lord.”  He can save you.  He can take away the heart of stone out of your flesh, and give you a heart of flesh.  He can breathe upon the dry bones, and make them live.  Ay, he, the mysterious Father of our spirits can create in us a new spirit that shall be begotten of himself and be like unto himself; and this we must have, or we can never overcome the world.

III. Now, thirdly, and lastly, I have to speak of THE CONQUERING WEAPON WHICH IS USED BY THIS NEW NATURE: “This is the victory that overcometh the world, even our faith.”

It never entered into my head that most professing Christians would ever overcome the world.  I do not think they ever will, for the world has, to a large extent, overcome them.  You may hear some of them asking, “How far may we go in worldly amusements?”  You really want to go, do you not?  Then go; for it does not matter much where such people as you are to go.  “Oh, but we should like to go as far into the world as we might!”  Would, you?  Then, my Lord’s message to you is, “Ye must be born again.”  It is quite evident that you have not the nature of God in you, for the divine nature in the soul makes it start back, and say, “How far can I get away from anything that looks like wrong?  I hate the very appearance of evil.”  The Christian man does not deny himself this or that, merely because he feels under an obligation to do so, or because he dreads the lash of God’s whip.  No; if he could indulge his new nature to the full, he would continually swim in the sea of perfection.  If he could be what he wishes to be, he would never think a wrong thought, much less speak an evil word.  Now, the divine nature that is in him fights against sin, it cannot help doing so; and it clings to that which is good, and craves after that which is right.  Just as the ox longs to drink water, and stands in a pool of it on a hot day, and drinks and drinks again, so does the Christian seek to drink in the life and purity of God—not because he is told to do so, or because some outside force operates upon him; but because the new nature is within him, and he longs, therefore, to indulge it to the full:; and that new nature, being the nature of God, longeth after that which is pure, and lovely, and of good report.

The instrument with which this new nature fights against the world is faith; and faith conquers, first, by regarding the unseen reward which awaits us. The world comes and offers pleasure as the reward of sin; but faith says, “There are greater pleasures to be had by abstaining from sin.”  The world says, “Take this gain today;” but faith says, “No, I will put what I have out at interest; there is something infinitely better to be had hereafter.”  In its beginning, faith generally works in that way; it despises all the treasures of Egypt and values far more the eternal rewards that Christ has laid up for it in heaven.  But do you not see that there is a measure of selfishness there in both cases?  The sinner sins in order to be happy, as he thinks; and the newborn man abstains from sin in order to be happy.  Well, that is a good thing to do, though the motive be not the most commendable; and there is a measure of faith about it, for faith is looking for the future rewards, and believes in the heaven which God hath prepared for them that love him.

But as faith grows, it attains to something better than that; for it recognizes the unseen Presence which is with us. The world says, “Come with us, and go our way.  We will pat you on the back and say that you are a good fellow; and you will have a fine time if you come with us.”  But faith says, “I do not trouble about how I appear to your eye, for there is another eye which I can see, but which you cannot see, for God is looking at me, and I am most of all concerned to be right in his sight.”  Faith realizes that the newborn nature is in the divine presence, and thus makes God’s presence to be just as real, and just as vivid as the presence of men; and that presence of God altogether outweighs the presence of men, and the believing soul says to the world, “To please you, I dare not do that which is wrong in the sight of God; for who are you, compared with the Most High God?  I will not do wrong in order to escape your frown; for, by so doing, I should receive the frown of God, and I must maintain my integrity before him.”

That, you see, is a higher position than the one I first mentioned; for faith not only regards the unseen reward which awaits the believer but faith recognizes the unseen presence of God, and is moved by an all-constraining desire to please him.

That was a very striking incident in the life of our dear brother Oncken, of Germany, when the burgomaster of Hamburg said to him, “I hear sir, that you have been baptizing at night.”  “I have, sir,” he replied, “because the law will not permit me to do it by day.”  “How dare you immerse these persons?” asked the burgomaster.  “I dare to do it,” answered Mr. Oncken, “because it is the law of God”  “And you have done it in defiance of the law of the land!  Now, sir, do you see that little finger of mine?”  “Yes,” replied Mr. Oncken, “I see it.”  “Well, sir, as long as that little finger lives, I will keep you down, for I am determined to put an end to this movement.”  “But, Mr. Burgomaster,” said Mr. Oncken, “not only can I see your little finger, but I can also see a great arm, which you do not see.  That is the arm of the eternal God; and as long as that arm can move, you will not be able to put me down, for I am only doing the will of Jehovah.”  Years after that stormy scene, I went to Drench in Hamburg in connection with the opening of my brother Oncken’s chapel; and among the notable gentlemen who helped to honor that occasion by their presence was that very burgomaster.  He still had his little finger, but he was not there to put Mr. Oncken down.  He came to contribute to Mr. Oncken’s work, and to show that the great arm of God had beaten the little finger of the burgomaster.  That kind of experience has been many times repeated in the world.  The men of the world resolve to put us down, but it cannot be done.  If we were simply of men, we might be put down; but we are of God, and the divine nature in us must conquer in the long run.

When faith rises still further, it feels that the soul so loves God: and so wishes to delight in him, and becomes so closely united to God, that it takes treasure in all that in which God takes pleasure. It is true faith that believes that God takes pleasure in the humble actions of poor creatures such as we are; but our faith has that confidence.  It believes God to be a kind and tender Father, delighting in what his children do; and, therefore, faith says, “I cannot grieve him; so, begone from me, sinful world!  Away with your gold, and your silver, and your smiles, and your frowns; I dare not be influenced by any of these things, and so grieve my God.”  And, daily, as faith grows stronger and stronger, it tramples the world more and more under its feet, and altogether abhors it.

To the genuine Christian, Christ is life’s one aim.  He sets that mark before him, and shoots at it. I once saw a colonel shooting at a target.  There were two targets near each other, and he made a center at one of them.  The attendant called out, “Which target was that gentleman shooting at?”  “The one on the left,” was the answer.  “I thought so,” said the man, “for he hit the one on the right.”  There are some people who are always shooting at the world, and it seems to be their great aim to hit it; but the Christian man is ever aiming at Christ; and if he has not made the center yet, he will shoot again and again until he does for his great desire is that he may live for Christ alone, and be found in him, not having his own righteousness “which is of the law, but that which is through the faith of Christ, the righteousness which is of God by faith,”

So, I hope you see that, if faith be the conquering weapon, and we intend to be conquerors, we must become believers in the invisible God; and in order to exercise faith in the invisible God in Christ Jesus, we must be born again; for, until that new nature comes into us, we never do believe in Christ.  We may believe a great deal in ourselves, we may believe in worldly society, in its threats, or in its bribes; but we do not believe in Christ.  But how blessed is that man who, at the last, will be able to say, “I have faithfully served my God.  I have turned neither to the right hand nor to the left.  I have not considered myself; I have courted no man’s praise, I have not sought self or gain.  What I had to spare, I gave to God’s cause and to the poor.  What I could gather, I distributed according to the necessities of my fellow-men.  I have lived for God, and for Christ, and for the truth; but I have not lived for myself.”  The man who can truthfully say that is a saved man.  Whether you know it or not, my friend, that is salvation—to be saved from sin and from self; and there is no getting salvation from the groveling meanness of selfishness except by being born again; for self clings to every man until he is born again, and it is not always gone even then.  Satan spoke the truth when he said to the Lord, “Skin for skin, yea, all that a man hath will he give for his life.”  He will not be ready to part with life itself until he gets a higher life, and a better one imparted to him by the Spirit of God.

Again I say that this truth throws us on our beam-ends.  If we are to be saved, we must look to God; we must seek salvation at his hands, we must ask him for faith; and what a mercy it is that he waits to give it!  You be nothing and God will be everything to you. Get to the end of yourself, and that will be a proof that God has already begun with you.  Cease to believe in your own merits, or your own virtues; put away all trust in yourself; and come and trust in God as he is revealed in his Son Jesus Christ; and you have received that salvation, which will keep on progressing until all sin shall be driven out of you, and you shall dwell for ever where Jesus is—as unselfish as Jesus is,—as pure, as blessed, as glorious as he is.  God grant this to us all, for Christ’s sake!  Amen.

Contentment by A. W. Pink

Contentment by A. W. Pink

“I have learned in whatsoever state I am therewith to be content” – Philippians 4:11

Discontent! Was there ever a time when there was so much restlessness in the world as there is today?  We very much doubt it.  Despite our boasted progress, the vast increase of wealth, the time and money expended daily in pleasure, discontent is everywhere.  No class is exempt.  Everything is in a state of flux, and almost everybody is dissatisfied.  Many even among God’s own people are affected with the evil spirit of this age.

Contentment! Is such a thing realizable, or is it nothing more than a beautiful ideal, a mere dream of the poet?  Is it attainable on earth or is it restricted to the inhabitants of heaven?  If practicable here and now, may it be retained, or are a few brief moments or hours of contentment the most that we may expect in this life?  Such questions as these find answer, an answer at least, in the words of the apostle Paul: “Not that I speak in respect of want: for I have learned, in whatsoever state I am, therewith to be content” (Philippians 4:11).

The force of the apostle’s statement will be better appreciated if his condition and circumstances at the time he made it be kept in mind.  When the apostle wrote (or most probably dictated) the words, he was not luxuriating in a special suite in the Emperor’s palace, nor was he being entertained in some exceptional Christian household, the members of which were marked by unusual piety.  Instead, he was “in bonds” (cf. Phil. 1:13-14); “a prisoner” (Eph. 4:1), as he says in another Epistle.  And yet, notwithstanding, he declared he was content!

Now, there is a vast difference between precept and practice, between the ideal and the realization.  But in the case of the apostle Paul contentment was an actual experience, and one that must have been continuous, for he says, “in whatsoever state I am.”

How then did Paul enter into this experience, and of what did the experience consist?  The reply to the first question is to be found in the word, “I have learned … to be content.”  The apostle did not say, “I have received the baptism of the Spirit, and therefore contentment is mine.”  Nor did he attribute this blessing to his perfect “consecration.”   Equally plain is it that it was not the outcome of natural disposition or temperament.  It is something he had learned in the school of Christian experience.  It should be noted, too, that this statement is found in an Epistle which the apostle wrote near the close of his earthly career!

From what has been pointed out, it should be apparent that the contentment which Paul enjoyed was not the result of congenial and comfortable surroundings.  And this at once dissipates a vulgar conception.  Most people suppose that contentment is impossible unless one can have gratified the desires of the carnal heart.  A prison is the last place to which they would go if they were seeking a contented man.  This much, then, is clear: contentment comes from within not without; it must be sought from God, not in creature comforts.

But let us endeavor to go a little deeper.  What is “contentment?”  It is the being satisfied with the sovereign dispensations of God’s providence. It is the opposite of murmuring, which is the spirit of rebellion – the clay saying to the Potter, “Why hast Thou made me thus?”  Instead of complaining at his lot, a contented man is thankful that his condition and circumstances are no worse than they are.  Instead of greedily desiring something more than the supply of his present need, he rejoices that God still cares for him.  Such a one is “content” with such as he has (Heb. 13:5).

One of the fatal hindrances to contentment is covetousness, which is a canker eating into and destroying present satisfaction.  It was not, therefore, without good reason, that our Lord gave the solemn commandment to His followers – “Take heed, and beware of covetousness” (Luke 12:15).  Few things are more insidious.  Often it poses under the fair name of thrift, or the wise safeguarding of the future economy so as to lay up for a “rainy day.”  The Scripture says, “Covetousness, which is idolatry” (Col. 3:5), the affection of the heart being set upon material things rather than upon God.  The language of a covetous heart is that of the horseleech’s daughter, Give! Give!  The covetous man is always desirous of more, whether he has little or much.  How vastly different the words of the apostle – “And having food and raiment let us be therewith content” (1 Tim. 6:8).  A much needed word is that of Luke 3:14: “Be content with your wages!”

“Godliness with contentment is great gain” (I Tim. 6:6).  Negatively, it delivers from worry and fretfulness, from avarice and selfishness.  Positively, it leaves us free to enjoy what God has given us.  What a contrast is found in the word which follows – “But they that (desire to be) rich fall into temptation and a snare, and into many foolish and hurtful lusts, which drown men in destruction and perdition.  For the love of money is the root of all evil: which while some coveted after, they have erred from the faith, and pierced themselves through with many sorrows” (1 Tim. 6:9-10).  May the Lord in His grace deliver us from the spirit of this world, and make us to be “content with such things as we have.”

Contentment, then, is the product of a heart resting in God.  It is the soul’s enjoyment of that peace which passeth all understanding.  It is the outcome of my will being brought into subjection to the Divine will.  It is the blessed assurance that God doeth all things well, and is, even now, making all things work together for my ultimate good.  This experience has to be “learned” by “proving what is that good, and acceptable, and perfect, will of God” (Rom. 12:2).  Contentment is possible only as we cultivate and maintain that attitude of accepting everything which enters our lives as coming from the Hand of Him who is too wise to err, and too loving to cause one of His children a needless tear.

Let our final word be this: real contentment is only possible by being much in the presence of the Lord Jesus.  This comes out clearly in the verses which follow our opening text; “I know both how to be abased, and I know how to abound: everywhere and in all things I am instructed both to be full and to be hungry, both to abound and suffer need.  I can do all things through Christ which strengthens me” (Phil. 4:12-13).  It is only by cultivating intimacy with that One who was never discontent that we shall be delivered from the sin of complaining.  It is only by daily fellowship with Him Who ever delighted in the Father’s will that we shall learn the secret of contentment.  May both writer and reader so behold in the mirror of the Word the glory of the Lord that we shall be “changed into the same image from glory to glory, even as by the Spirit of the Lord” (2 Cor. 3:18).

God or Mammon

Martyn Lloyd-Jones

In our analysis of Matthew 6:19-24, we have seen that our Lord first of all lays down a proposition or a commandment, “Lay not up for yourselves treasures upon earth … but lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven.”  In other words, He tells us that we are so to live in this world, and so to use everything we have, whether our possessions, or gifts, or talents, or propensities, that we shall be laying up for ourselves treasures in heaven.

Then, having given us the injunction in that way, our Lord proceeds to supply us with reasons for doing this.  I would remind you again that here we have an illustration of the wonderful condescension and understanding of our blessed Lord.  He has no need to give us reasons.  It is for Him to command.  But He stoops to our weakness, mighty as He is, and He comes to our aid and supplies us with these reasons for carrying out His commandment.  He does so in a very remarkable manner.  He elaborates the reasons and presses them upon our consideration.  He does not merely give us one reason; He gives us a number.  He works it out for us in a series of logical propositions, and, of course, there can be no doubt at all but that He does this, not only because He is anxious to help us, but also, and still more perhaps, because of the desperate seriousness of the subject with which He is dealing.  Indeed, we shall see that this is one of the most serious matters which we can ever consider together.

Worldliness Is An Attitude

The world is so subtle and worldliness is such a pervasive thing, that we are all guilty of it and often without realizing it.  We tend to label worldliness as meaning certain particular things only, and always the things of which we are not guilty.  We therefore argue that this has nothing to say to us.  But worldliness is all-pervasive, and is not confined to certain things.  It does not just mean going to theatres or cinemas or doing a few things of that nature.  No, worldliness is an attitude towards life. It is a general outlook, and it is so subtle that it can come into the most holy things of all, as we saw earlier.

Another good way of testing ourselves is to ask ourselves quite simply and honestly why we hold our particular views.  What is our real interest? What is our motive? What, when we are quite honest and truthful with ourselves, is really at the back of these particular political views that we hold?  It is a most illuminating question if we are really honest.  I suggest that most people will find if they face that question quite honestly, that there are some treasures upon earth about which they are concerned, and in which they are interested.

The next test is this.  To what extent are our feelings engaged in this matter? How much bitterness is there, how much violence, how much anger and scorn and passion?  Apply that test, and again we shall find that the feeling is aroused almost invariably by the concern about laying up treasures upon earth.

The last test is this.  Are we viewing these things with a kind of detachment and objectivity or not?  What is our attitude towards all these things? Do we instinctively think of ourselves as pilgrims, and mere sojourners in this world, who of course have to be interested in these things while we are here?  Such an interest is certainly right, it is our duty.  But what is our ultimate attitude?  Are we controlled by it?  Or do we stand apart and regard it objectively, as something which is ephemeral, something which does not really belong to the essence of our life and being, something with which we are concerned only for a while, as we are passing through this life?  We should ask ourselves these questions in order that we may make quite certain whether this injunction of our Lord is speaking to us.  Those are some of the ways in which we can find out very simply whether we are or are not guilty of laying up for ourselves treasures upon earth, and not laying up for ourselves treasures in heaven.

Worldly Treasurse Do Not Last

When we come to consider our Lord’s arguments against laying up treasures on earth, we find that the first is one which we may very well describe as the argument of common sense, or of ordinary observation.  “Lay not up for yourselves treasures upon earth.”  Why?  For this reason: “where moth and rust doth corrupt, and where thieves break through and steal.”  But why should I lay up treasures in heaven?  For this reason: “where neither moth nor rust doth corrupt, and where thieves do not break through nor steal.”  Our Lord is saying that worldly treasures do not last; that they are transitory, passing, ephemeral.  “Change and decay in all around I see.” “Where moth and rust doth corrupt.” How true it is.  There is an element of decay in all these things, whether we like it or not.  Our Lord puts it in terms of the moth and rust that tend to lodge themselves in these things and destroy them.

Worldly Treasures Never Fully Satisfy

Spiritually, we can put it like this.  These things never fully satisfy. There is always something wrong with them; they always lack something.  There is no person on earth who is fully satisfied; and though in a sense some may appear to have everything that they desire, still they want something else.  Happiness cannot be purchased.

There is, however, another way of looking at the effect of moth and rust spiritually.  Not only is there an element of decay in these things; it is also true that we always tend to tire of them.  We may enjoy them for a while, but somehow or other they begin to pall or we lose interest in them.  That is why we are always talking about new things and seeking them.  Fashions change; and though we are very enthusiastic about certain things for a while, soon they no longer interest us as they did.  Is it not true that as age advances these things cease to satisfy us?  Old people generally do not like the same things as young people, or the young the same as the old.  As we get older these things seem to become different, there is an element of moth and rust.  We could even go further and put it more strongly and say that there is an impurity in them.  At their best, they are all infected.  Do what you will you cannot get rid of the impurity; the moth and rust are there and all your chemicals do not stop these processes.  Peter says a wonderful thing in this very connection: “Whereby are given unto us exceeding great and precious promises; that by these ye might be partakers of the divine nature, having escaped the corruption that is in the world through lust” (2 Peter 1:4).  There is corruption in all these earthly things; they are all impure.

Worldly Treasures Ultimately Perish

The last fact, therefore, about these things is that they inevitably perish. Your most beautiful flower is beginning to die immediately you pluck it.  You will soon have to throw it away.  That is true of everything in this life and world. It does not matter what it is, it is passing, it is all fading away.  Everything that has life is, as the result of sin, subject to this process: “moth and rust doth corrupt.”  Things develop holes and become useless, and at the end they are gone and become utterly corrupt.  The most perfect physique will eventually give way and break down and die; the most beautiful countenance will in a sense become ugly when the process of corruption has got going; the brightest gifts tend to fade.  Your great genius may be seen gibbering in delirium as the result of disease.  However wonderful and beautiful and glorious things may be, they all perish.  That is why, perhaps, the saddest of all failures in life is the failure of the philosopher who believes in worshipping goodness, beauty and truth; because there is no such thing as perfect goodness, there is no such thing as unalloyed beauty; there is an element of wrong and of sin and a lie in the highest truths.  “Moth and rust doth corrupt.”

Worldly Treasures Can Be Taken Away

“Yes,” says our Lord, “and thieves break through and steal.”  We must not stay with these things, they are so obvious, and yet we are so slow to recognize them.  There are many thieves in this life and they are always threatening us.  We think we are safe in our house; but we find thieves have broken in and ransacked it.  Other marauders are always threatening us—illness, a business loss, some industrial collapse, war and finally death itself It matters not what it is that we tend to hold on to in this world, one or other of these thieves is always threatening and will eventually take it from us.  It is not only money.  It may be some person for whom you are really living; your pleasure is in that one person.  Beware, my friends; there are robbers and thieves who are bound to come and eventually rob you of these possessions. Take our possessions at their highest as well as their lowest; they are a subject to these robbers, these attacks.  “The thieves break through and steal,” and we cannot prevent them.  So our Lord appeals to our common sense and reminds us that these worldly treasures never last.  “Change and decay in all around I see.”

Lay Up Treasure in Heaven

But look at the other, positive side. “Lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where neither moth nor rust doth corrupt, and where thieves do not break through nor steal.”  This is wonderful and full of glory.  Peter puts it in a phrase.  He says “to an inheritance incorruptible, and undefiled, and that fadeth not away, reserved in heaven for you” (I Peter 1:4).  “The things which are not seen are eternal,” says St. Paul; it is the things which are seen that are temporal (2 Corinthians 4:18).  These heavenly things are imperishable and the thieves cannot break through and steal.  Why?  Because God Himself is reserving them for us.  There is no enemy that can ever rob us of them, or can ever enter in.  It is impossible because God Himself is the Guardian.  Spiritual pleasures are invulnerable; they are in a place which is impregnable. “I am persuaded, that neither death, nor life, nor angels, nor principalities, nor powers, nor things present, nor things to come, nor height, nor depth, nor any other creature, shall be able to separate us from the love of God, which is in Christ Jesus our Lord” (Romans 8:38, 39).

Furthermore, there is nothing impure there; naught that corrupts shall enter in.  There is no sin there, nor element of decay.  It is the realm of eternal life and eternal light.  He dwells “in the light which no man can approach unto,” as the apostle Paul puts it (I Timothy 6:16).  Heaven is the realm of life and light and purity and nothing belonging to death, nothing tainted or polluted can gain admission there.  It is perfect; and the treasures of the soul and of the spirit belong to that realm.  Lay them up there, says our Lord, because there is no moth nor rust there, and no thief can ever break through nor steal.

It is an appeal to common sense.  Do we not know that these things are true?  Are they not true of necessity?  Do we not see it all as we live in this world?  Take up your morning newspaper and look at the death column; look at all that is happening.  We know all these things.  Why do we not practice them and live accordingly?  Why do we lay up treasures on earth when we know what is going to happen to them?  And why do we not lay up treasures in heaven where we know that there is purity and joy, holiness and everlasting bliss?

The Spiritual Danger

That, however, is merely the first argument, the argument of common sense.  But our Lord does not stop at that.  His second argument is based upon the terrible spiritual danger involved in laying up treasures on earth and not in heaven.  That is a general heading, but our Lord divides it into certain sub-sections.

The first thing against which He warns us in this spiritual sense is the awful grip and power of these earthly things upon us.  You notice the terms He uses.  He says, “Where your treasure is, there will your heart be also.”  The heart! Then in verse 24, He talks about the mind.  “No man can serve two masters” and we should notice the word “serve.”  These are the expressive terms He uses in order to impress upon us the terrible control that these things tend to exercise over us.  Are we not all aware of them the moment we stop to think-the tyranny of persons, the tyranny of the world?  This is not something we can think about at a distance as it were.  We are all involved in this; we are all in the grip of this awful power of worldliness which really will master us unless we are aware of it.

However, our Lord does not stop at the general.  He is so anxious to show us this terrible danger that He works it out in detail.  He tells us that this terrible thing that grips us tends to affect the entire personality; not merely part of us, but the whole man.  And the first thing He mentions is the “heart.” Having laid down the injunction, He says, “For where your treasure is, there will your heart be also.”  These things grip and master our feelings, our affections and all our sensibility.  All that part of our nature is absolutely gripped by them and we love them.  Read John 3:19: “This is the condemnation, that light is come into the world, and men loved darkness rather than light, because their deeds were evil.”  We love these things.  We pretend that we only like them, but really we love them.  They move us deeply.

The next thing about them is a little more subtle.  They not only grip the heart, they grip the mind. Our Lord puts it in this way: “The light of the body is the eye: if therefore thine eye be single, thy whole body shall be full of light.  But if thine eye be evil, thy whole body shall be full of darkness.  If therefore the light that is in thee be darkness, how great is that darkness!” (verses 22, 23).  This picture of the eye is just His way of describing, by means of an illustration, the way in which we look at things.  And according to our Lord, there are but two ways of looking at everything in this world.  There is what He calls the “single” eye, the eye of the spiritual man who sees things really as they are, truly and without any double view.  His eye is clear and he sees things normally.  But there is the other eye which He calls the “evil” eye, which is a kind of double vision, or, if you like, it is the eye in which the lenses are not clear.  There are mists and opacities and we see things in a blurred way.  That is the evil eye.  It is colored by certain prejudices, colored by certain lusts and desires.  It is not a clear vision; it is all cloudy, colored by these various tints and taints.  That is what is meant by this statement which has so often confused people, because they do not take it in its context.  Our Lord in this picture is still dealing with the laying up of treasures.  Having shown that where the treasure is, the heart will be also, He says that it is not only the heart but the mind as well.  These are the things that control man.

But lastly, these things not only grip the heart and mind, they also affect the will. Says our Lord, “No man can serve two masters;” and the moment we mention the word “serve” we are in the realm of the will, the realm of action.  You notice how perfectly logical this is.  What we do is the result of what we think; so what is going to determine our lives and the exercise of our wills is what we think, and that in turn is determined by where our treasure is—our heart.  So we can sum it up like this.  These earthly treasures are so powerful that they grip the entire personality.   They grip a man’s heart, his mind and his will; they tend to affect his spirit, his soul and his whole being.  Whatever realm of life we may be looking at, or thinking about, we shall find these things are there.  Everyone is affected by them; they are a terrible danger.

But the last step is the most solemn and serious of all.  We must remember that the way in which we look at these things ultimately determines our relationship to God.  “No man can serve two masters: for either he will hate the one, and love the other; or else he will hold to the one, and despise the other.  Ye cannot serve God and mammon.”  This is indeed a very solemn thing, and that is why it is dealt with so frequently in Scripture.  The truth of this proposition is obvious.  Both make a totalitarian demand upon us.  Worldly things really do make a totalitarian demand as we have seen.  How they tend to grip the entire personality and affect us everywhere!  They demand our entire devotion; they want us to live for them absolutely.  Yes, but so does God.  Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind, and with all thy strength.”  Not in a material sense necessarily, but in some sense or other He says to us all, “Go, sell all that thou hast, and come, follow me.”  “He that loveth father or mother more than me is not worthy of me: and he that loveth son or daughter more than me is not worthy of me.”  It is a totalitarian demand.  Notice it again in verse 24: “Either he will hate the one, and love the other; or else he will hold to the one, and despise the other.”  It is “either—or” compromise is completely impossible at this point. “Ye cannot serve God and mammon.”

There is a perfect illustration of that in the Old Testament.  Study carefully 2 Kings 17:24-41. H ere is what we are told.  The Assyrians conquered some area; then they took their own people and settled them in that area.  These Assyrians of course did not worship God.  Then some lions came and destroyed their property.  “This”, they said, “has happened to us because we do not worship the God of this particular land.  We will get priestly instruction on this.”  So they found a priest who instructed them generally in the religion of Israel.  And then they thought that all would be well.  But this is what Scripture said about them: they “feared the Lord, and served their graven images.”  What a terrible thing that is.  It alarms me.  It is not what we say that matters.  In the last day, many shall say, “Lord, Lord, have we not done this, that and the other?”  But He will say unto them, “I never knew you.” “Not every one that saith unto me Lord, Lord, shall enter into the kingdom of heaven; but he that doeth the will of my Father.”  Whom do you serve?  That is the question, and it is either God or mammon.  There is nothing in the last analysis that is so insulting to God as to take His name upon us and yet to show clearly that we are serving mammon in some shape or form.  That is the most terrible thing of all.  It is the greatest insult to God; and how easily and unconsciously we can all become guilty of this.

I remember once hearing a preacher tell a story which he assured us was simple, literal truth.  It illustrates perfectly the point which we are considering.  It is the story of a farmer who one day went happily and with great joy in his heart to report to his wife and family that their best cow had given birth to twin calves, one red and one white.  And he said, “You know I have suddenly had a feeling and impulse that we must dedicate one of these calves to the Lord.  We will bring them up together, and when the time comes we will sell one and keep the proceeds, and we will sell the other and give the proceeds to the Lord’s work.”  His wife asked him which he was going to dedicate to the Lord.  “There is no need to bother about that now,” he replied, “we will treat them both in the same way, and when the time comes we will do as I say.”  And off he went.  In a few months, the man entered his kitchen looking very miserable and unhappy.  When his wife asked him what was troubling him, he answered, “I have bad news to give you.  The Lord’s calf is dead.”  “But”, she said, “you had not decided which was to be the Lord’s calf.”  “Oh yes,” he said; “I had always decided it was to be the white one, and it is the white one that has died.  The Lord’s calf is dead.  We may laugh at that story, but God forbid that we should be laughing at ourselves.  It is always the Lord’s calf that dies.  When money becomes difficult, the first thing we economize on is our contribution to God’s work.  It is always the first thing to go.  Perhaps we must not say “always,” for that would be unfair; but with so many it is the first thing, and the things we really like are the last to go.  “We cannot serve God and mammon.”  These things tend to come between us and God, and our attitude to them ultimately determines our relationship to God.  The mere fact that we believe in God, and call Him, Lord, Lord, and likewise with Christ, is not proof in and of itself that we are serving Him, that we recognize His totalitarian demand, and have yielded ourselves gladly and readily to Him.  “Let every man examine himself.”

Consider the Greatness of Heaven

Seriously consider your everlasting state and how much greater things than riches you have to mind.  Behold by faith the endless joys which you may have with God, and the endless misery which worldlings must undergo in hell.  There is no true cure for an earthly mind, but by showing it the far greater matters to be minded: by acquainting it better with its own concernments; and with the greater miseries than poverty or want, which we have to escape; and the greater good than worldly plenty which we have to seek.

It is lack of faith that makes men worldlings: they see not what is in another world: they say their creed, but do not heartily believe the day of judgment, the resurrection of the body, and the life everlasting.  There is not a man of them all, but, if he had one sight of heaven and hell, would set lighter by the world than ever he did before; and would turn his covetous care and toil to a speedy and diligent care of his salvation.  If he heard the joyful praises of the saints, and the woeful lamentations of the damned, but one day or hour, he would think ever after that he had greater matters to mind than the scraping together a heap of wealth.  Remember, man, that thou hast another world to live in; and a far longer life to make provision for; and that thou must be in heaven or hell forever.  This is true, whether thou believe it or not: and thou hast no time but this to make all thy preparation in: and as thou believest, and livest, and laborest now, it must go with thee to all eternity.  These are matters worthy of thy care.  Canst thou have while to make such a disturbance here in the dust, and care and labor for a thing of nought, while thou hast such things as these to care for, and a work of such transcendent consequence to do?  Can a man that understands what heaven and hell are, find room for any needless matters, or time for so much unnecessary work?  The providing for thy salvation is a thing that God hath made thy own work, much more than the providing for the flesh.  When he speaks of thy body, he saith, “Take no thought for your life, what you shall eat or drink, nor for your body, what you shall put on: for your Father knoweth that ye have need of all these things,” Matt. 6:25, 32.  “Be careful for nothing,” Phil. 4:6.  “Cast all your care upon him, for he careth for you,” 1 Pet. 5:7.  But when he speaks of your salvation, he bids you “work it out with fear and trembling,” Phil. 2:12; and “give diligence to make your calling and election sure,” 2 Pet. 1:10; and “strive to enter in at the strait gate,” Matt. 7:13; Luke 13:24.  “Labor not for the meat that perisheth, but for that which endureth to everlasting life,” John 6:27.  That is, “Seek first the kingdom of God and his righteousness, and all these things shall be added to you,” Matt. 6:33.

Look up to heaven, man, and remember that there is thy home, and there are thy hopes, or else thou art a man undone forever; and therefore it is for that that thou must care and labor.  Believe unfeignedly that thou must dwell forever in heaven or hell, as thou makest thy preparation here, and consider of this as becometh a man and then be a worldling and covetous if thou canst: riches will seem dust and chaff to thee, if thou believe and consider thy everlasting state.  Write upon the doors of thy shop and chamber, I must be in heaven or hell forever; or, This is the time on which my endless life dependeth; and methinks every time thou readest it, thou shouldst feel thy covetousness stabbed at the heart.

O blinded mortals! that love, like worms, to dwell in earth!  Would God but give you an eye of faith, to foresee your end, and where you must dwell to all eternity, what a change would it make upon your earthly minds!  Either faith or sense will be your guides.  Nothing but reason sanctified by faith can govern sense.  Remember that thou art not a beast, that hath no life to live but this: thou hast a reasonable, immortal soul, that was made by God for higher things, even for God himself, to admire him, love him, serve him, and enjoy him.  If an angel were to dwell awhile in flesh, should he turn an earthworm and forget his higher life of glory?  Thou art like to an incarnate angel; and mayst be equal with the angels, when thou art freed from this sinful flesh, Luke 20:36.  O beg of God a heavenly light and a heavenly mind and look often into the word of God which tells thee where thou must be forever; and worldliness will vanish away in shame.

Remember the Shortness of Life

Remember how short a time thou must keep and enjoy the wealth which thou hast gotten.  How quickly thou must be stripped of all!  Canst thou keep it when thou hast it? (1 Cor. 7:31.)  Canst thou make a covenant with death, that it shall not call away thy soul?  Thou knowest beforehand that thou art of short continuance and the world is but thy inn or passage; and that a narrow grave for thy flesh to rot in is all that thou canst keep of thy largest possessions, save what thou layest up in heaven, by laying it out in obedience to God.

How short is life!  How quickly gone!  Thou art almost dead and gone already!  What are a few days or a few years more?  And wilt thou make so much ado for so short a life? and so careful a provision for so short a stay?  Yea, how uncertain is thy time, as well as short!  Thou canst not say what world thou shalt be in tomorrow.  Remember, man, that Thou must die!  Thou must die!  Thou must quickly die!  Thou knowest not how soon!  Breathe yet a few breaths more and thou art gone!  And yet canst thou be covetous, and drown thy soul with earthly cares?

Dost thou soberly read thy Savior’s warning, Luke 12:19-21?  Is it not spoken as to thee? “Thou fool, this night thy soul shall be rerequired of thee; then whose shall those things be which thou hast provided?  So is every one that layeth up riches for himself, and is not rich towards God.” If thou be rich today and be in another world tomorrow had not poverty been as good?  Distracted soul!  Dost thou make so great a matter of it, whether thou have much or little for so short a time?  And takest no more care, either where thou shalt be, or what thou shalt have to all eternity?  Dost thou say, thou wilt cast this care on God?  I tell thee, he will make thee care thyself; and care again before he will save thee.  And why canst thou not cast the care of smaller matters on him when he commandeth thee?  Is it any great matter whether thou be rich or poor, that art going so fast unto another world, where these are things of no signification?  Tell me, if thou were sure that thou must die tomorrow, (yea, or the next month or year,) wouldst thou not be more indifferent whether thou be rich or poor and look more after greater things?  Then thou wouldst be of the apostle’s mind, 2 Cor. 4:18, “We look not at the things which are seen, but at the things which are not seen: for the things which are seen are temporal, but the things which are not seen are eternal.”  Our eye of faith should be so fixed on invisible, eternal things, that we should scarce have leisure or mind to look at or once regard the things that are visible and temporal.  A man that is going to execution scarce looks at all the bustle or business that is done in streets and shops as he passeth by; because these little concern him in his departing case. And how little do the wealth and honors of the world concern a soul that is going into another world, and knows not but it may be this night!  Then keep thy wealth or take it with thee, if thou canst.

Consider What You Really Need

Labour to feel thy greatest needs which worldly wealth will not supply.  Thou hast sinned against God, and money will not buy thy pardon (Proverbs 11:4).  Thou hast incurred his displeasure and money will not reconcile him to thee.  Thou art condemned to everlasting misery by the law and money will not pay thy ransom.  Thou art dead in sin, and polluted, and captivated by the flesh, and money will sooner increase thy bondage than deliver thee.  Thy conscience is ready to tear thy heart for thy willful folly and contempt of grace, and money will not bribe it to be quiet. Judas brought back his money, and hanged himself, when conscience was but once awakened.  Money will not enlighten a blinded mind, nor soften a hard heart, nor humble a proud heart, nor justify a guilty soul.  It will not keep off a fever or consumption, nor ease the gout, or stone, or toothache.  It will not keep off ghastly death, but die thou must, if thou have all the world!  Look up to God and remember that thou art wholly in his hands; and think whether he will love or favor thee for thy wealth.  Look unto the day of judgment and think whether money will there bring thee off, or the rich speed better than the poor.

Riches are Useless at Death

Be often with those that are sick and dying, and mark what all their riches will do for them, and what esteem they have then of the world; and mark how it useth all at last.  Then you shall see that it forsaketh all men in the hour of their greatest necessity and distress (Jer. 17:11; Jam. 5:1-3); when they would cry to friends, and wealth, and honor, if they had any hopes, If ever you will help me, let it be now; if ever you will do any thing for me, O save me from death, and the wrath of God!

But, alas! such cries would be all in vain!  Then, oh then!  One drop of mercy, one spark of grace, the smallest well-grounded hope of heaven, would be worth more than the empire of Caesar or Alexander!  Is not this true, sinner?  Dost thou not know it to be true?  And yet wilt thou cheat and betray thy soul?  Is not that best now, which will be best then?  And is not that of little value now which will be then so little set by?  Dost thou not think that men are wiser then than now?  Wilt thou do so much and pay so dear for that which will do thee no more good and which thou wilt set no more by when thou hast it?  Doth not all the world cry out at last of the deceitfulness of riches and the vanity of pleasure and prosperity on earth and the perniciousness of all worldly cares?  And doth not thy conscience tell thee that when thou comest to die, thou art like to have the same thoughts thyself?  And yet wilt thou not be warned in time?  Then all the content and pleasure of thy plenty and prosperity will be past: and when it is past it is nothing.  And wilt thou venture on everlasting woe, and cast away everlasting joy, for that which is today a dream and shadow, and tomorrow, or very shortly, will be nothing?  The poorest then will be equal with thee.  And will honest poverty or over-loved wealth be sweeter at the last?  How glad then wouldst thou be, to have been without thy wealth, so thou mightst have been without the sin and guilt.  How glad then wouldst thou be to die the death of the poorest saint!  Do you think that poverty or riches are liker to make a man loath to die?  Or are usually more troublesome to the conscience of a dying man?  O look to the end and live as you die, and set most by that, and seek that now, which you know you shall set most by at last when full experience hath made you wiser!

Beware the Perils of Riches

Remember that riches do make it much harder for a man to be saved; and the love of this world is the commonest cause of men’s damnation.  This is certainly true, for all that poverty also hath its temptations; and for all that the poor are far more numerous than the rich.  For even the poor may be undone by the love of that wealth and plenty which they never get; and those may perish for over-loving the world, that yet never prospered in the world.  And if thou believe Christ, the point is out of controversy: for he saith, Luke 18:24-27, “How hardly shall they that have riches enter into the kingdom of God!  For it is easier for a camel to go through a needle’s eye, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God.  And they that heard it said, Who then can be saved?  And he said, The things which are impossible with men, are possible with God.”  So Luke 6:24-25, “But woe unto you that are rich! for ye have received your consolation: woe unto you that are full! for ye shall hunger.”  Make but sense of these and many such like texts and you can gather no less than this from them, that riches make the way to heaven much harder and the salvation of the rich to be more difficult and rare, proportionally, than of other men.

And Paul saith, 1 Cor. 1:26, “Not many wise men after the flesh, not many mighty, not many noble are called.”  And the lovers of riches, though they are poor, must remember that it is said, “That the love of money is the root of all evil,” 1 Tim. 6:10.  And, “Love not the world, nor the things that are in the world: for if any man love the world, the love of the Father is not in him,” 1 John 2:15.  Do you believe that here lieth the danger of your souls? and yet can you so love, and choose, and seek it?  Would you have your salvation more difficult, and doubtful, and impossible with men?  You had rather choose to live where few die young, than where most die young; and where sicknesses are rare, than where they are common.  If you were sick, you had rather have the physician, and medicines, and diet which cure most, than those which few are cured by.  If the country were beset with thieves, you had rather go the way that most escape in, than that few escape in.  And yet, so it may but please your flesh, you will choose that way to heaven that fewest escape in; and you will choose that state of life, which will make your salvation to be most hard and doubtful.  Doth your conscience say that is wisely done?  I know that if God put riches into your hand, by your birth, or his blessing on your honest labors, you must not cast away your Master’s talents, because he is austere; but by a holy improvement of them, you may further his service and your salvation.  But this is no reason why you should over-love them, or desire and seek so great a danger.  Believe Christ heartily, and it will quench your love of riches.

The More You Have…

Remember that the more you have, the more you have to give account for.  And if the day of judgment be dreadful to you, you should not make it more dreadful by greatening your own accounts…  If you desired riches but for the service of your Lord, and have used them for him, and can truly give in this account, that you laid them not out for the needless pleasure or pride of the flesh, but to furnish yourselves, and families, and others, for his service, and as near as you could, employ them according to his will, and for his use, then you may expect the reward of good and faithful servants; but if you desired and used them for the pride and pleasure of yourselves while you lived, and your posterity or kindred when you are dead, dropping some inconsiderable crumbs for God, you will then find that Mammon was an unprofitable master, and godliness, with content, would have been greater gain (Prov. 3:14; 1 Tim. 6:5-6).

Consider the Cost

Remember how dear it costeth men, thus to hinder their salvation, and greaten their danger and accounts.  What a deal of precious time is lost upon the world, by the lovers of it, which might have been improved to the getting of wisdom and grace, and making their calling and election sure!  If you had believed that the gain of holy wisdom had been so much better than the gaming of gold, as Solomon saith, Prov. 3:14, you would have laid out much of that time in laboring to understand the Scriptures and preparing for your endless life.  How many unnecessary thoughts have you cast away upon the world, which might better have been laid out on your greater concernments!  How many cares, and vexations, and passions doth it cost men, to overload themselves with worldly provisions!  Like a foolish traveler, who having a day’s journey to go, doth spend all the day in gathering together a load of meat, and clothes, and money, more than he can carry, for fear of lacking by the way: or like a foolish runner, that hath a race to run for his life, and spends the time in which he should be running, in gathering a burden of pretended necessaries.

You have all the while God’s work to do, and your souls to mind, and judgment to prepare for, and you are tiring and vexing yourselves for unnecessary things, as if it were the top of your ambition to be able to say, in hell, that you died rich. 1 Tim. 6:6-10, “Godliness with contentment is great gain.  For we brought nothing into this world, and it is certain that we can carry nothing out.  And having food and raiment let us be therewith content. But they that will be rich fall into temptation and a snare, and into many foolish and hurtful lusts, which drown men in destruction and perdition.  For the love of money is the root of all evil: which while some coveted after, they have erred (or been seduced) from the faith, and pierced themselves through with many sorrows.”  Piercing sorrows here and damnation hereafter, are a very expensive price to give for money (Psalm 37:16; Prov. 16:8).  For saith Christ himself, “What shall it profit a man to gain all the world, and lose his own soul?  Or what shall a man give in exchange for his soul?” Mark 8:36, 37; that is, What money or price will recover it, if for the love of gain he lose it?  Prov. 15:27, “He that is greedy of gain troubleth his own house; but he that hateth gifts shall live.”  Do you not know that a godly man contented with his daily bread hath a far sweeter and quieter life and death than a self-troubling worldling?  You may easily perceive it.  Prov. 15:16, “Better is little with the fear of the Lord, than great treasure and trouble therewith.”

Consider Christ’s Example

Look much on the life of Christ on earth, and see how strangely he condemneth worldliness by his example.  Did he choose to be a prince or lord or to have great possessions, lands, or money, or sumptuous buildings, or gallant attendance, and plentiful provisions?  His housing you may read of, Matt. 8:20; Luke 9:58, “Foxes have holes, and the birds of the air have nests, but the Son of man hath not where to lay his head.”  His clothing you may read of at his crucifying, when they parted it.  As for money, he was fain to send Peter to a fish for some to pay their tribute.  If Christ did scrape and care for riches, then so do thou: if he thought it the happiest life, do thou think so too.   But if he condemned it, do thou condemn it: if his whole life was directed to give thee the most perfect example of the contempt of all the prosperity of this world, then learn of his example, if thou take him for thy Saviour, and if thou love thyself. “Though he was rich, yet for our sakes he became poor, that you through his poverty might be rich,” 2 Cor. 8:9.

Consider the Early Christians

Think on the example of the primitive Christians, even the best of Christ’s servants, and see how it condemneth worldliness.  They that by miracle in the name of Christ could give limbs to the lame, yet tell him, “Silver and gold have we none,” Acts 3:6.  Those that had possessions sold them and laid the money at the apostles’ feet, and they had all things common to show that faith overcometh the world, by condemning it and subjecting it to charity and devoting it entirely to God.  Read whether the apostles did live sumptuous houses, with great attendance, and worldly plenty and prosperity?  Chrysostom saith, his enemies charged him with many crimes, but never with covetousness or wantonness. And so it was with Christ and his enemies.  And so of the rest.

Remember the Purpose of Worldly Goods

Remember to what ends all worldly things were made and given you and what a happy advantage you may make of them by renouncing them as they would be provision for your lusts and by devoting yourselves and them to God.  The use of their sweetness is to draw your souls to taste by faith the heavenly sweetness.  They are the looking-glass of souls in flesh that are not yet admitted to see these things spiritual face to face.  They are the provender of our bodies; our traveling furniture and helps; our inns, and solacing company in the way; they are some of God’s love-tokens, some of the lesser pieces of his coin, and bear his image and superscription.  They are drops from the rivers of the eternal pleasures; to tell the mind by the way of the senses how good the Donor is and how amiable and what higher delights there are for souls; and to point us to the better things which these foretell.  They are messengers from heaven to testify our Father’s care and love and to bespeak our thankfulness, love, and duty; and to bear witness against sin and bind us more tightly to obedience.  They are the first volume of the word of God; the first book that man was set to read, to acquaint him fully with his Maker.  As the word which we read and hear is the chariot of the Spirit, by which it maketh its accesses to the soul; so the delights of sight, and taste, and smell, and touch, and hearing, were appointed as an ordinary way for the speedy access of heavenly love and sweetness to the heart, that upon the first perception of the goodness and sweetness of the creature, there might presently he transmitted by a due progression, a deep impression of the goodness of God upon the soul; that the creatures, being the letters of God’s book, which are seen by our eye, the sense (even the love of our great Creator) might presently be perceived by the mind: and no letter might once be looked upon but for the sense; no creature ever seen, or tasted, or heard, or felt in any delectable quality, without a sense of the love of God; that as the touch of the hand upon the strings of the lute do cause the melody, so God’s touch by his mercies upon our hearts, might presently tune them into love, and gratitude, and praise.

They are the tools by which we must do much of our Master’s work.  They are means by which we may refresh our brethren and express our love to one another and our love to our Lord and Master in his servants.  They are our Master’s stock, which we must trade with, by the improvement of which, no less than the reward of endless happiness may be attained.  These are the uses to which God gives us outward mercies.  Love them thus, and delight in them, and use them thus, and spare not; yea, seek them thus, and be thankful for them.

But when the creatures are given for so excellent a use, will you debase them all by making them only the fuel of your lusts and the provisions for your flesh?  And will you love them, and dote upon them in these base respects; while you utterly neglect their noblest use?  You are just like children that cry for books and can never have enough; but it is only to play with them because they are fine; but when they are set to learn and read them, they cry as much because they love it not: or like one that should spend his life and labor in getting the finest clothes, to dress his dogs and horses with, but himself goes naked and will not wear them.

Remember God’s Promises

Remember that God hath promised to provide for you and that you shall lack nothing that is good for you, if you will live above these worldly things and seek first his kingdom and the righteousness thereof.  And cannot you trust his promise?  If you truly believe that he is God, and that he is true, and that his particular providence extendeth to the very numbering of your hairs (Matt. 10:30; Luke 12:7), you will sure trust him, rather than trust to your own forecast and industry.  Do you think his provision is not better for you than your own?  All your own care cannot keep you alive an hour, nor can prosper any of your labors, if you provoke him to blast them.  And if you are not content with his provisions, nor submit yourselves to the disposal of his love and wisdom, you disoblige God, and provoke him to leave you to the fruits of your own care and diligence: and then you will find that it had been your wiser way to have trusted God.

Remember the Mischiefs of a Worldly Mind.

Think often on the dreadful importance and effects of the love of riches, or a worldly mind…

1. It is a most certain sign of a state of death and misery, where it hath the upper hand.  It is the departing of the heart from God to creatures.  See the malignity of it before.  Good men have been overtaken with heinous sins; but it is hard to find where Scripture calleth any of them covetous.  A heart secretly cleaving most to this present world and its prosperity is the very killing sin of every hypocrite, yea, and of all ungodly men.

2. Worldliness makes the word unprofitable and keepeth men from believing and repenting, and coming home to God, and minding seriously the everlasting world.  What so much hindereth the conversion of sinners, as the love and cares of earthly things?  They cannot serve God and mammon: their treasure and hearts cannot chiefly be both in heaven and earth!  They will not yield to the terms of Christ that love this world: they will not forsake all for a treasure in heaven.  In a word, as you heard, the love of money is the root of all evil, and the love of the Father is not in the lovers of the world (Matt. 6:25,; 13:22; Luke 16:13,14; 14:33; 18:22, 23; Matt. 6:19-21; 1 Tim. 6:6-8; 1 John 2:15; Prov. 28:9; 18:8; James 4:3; Prov. 28:20, “He that maketh haste to be rich shall not be innocent.”).

3. It destroyeth holy meditation and conference and turneth the thoughts to worldly things: and it corrupteth prayer, and maketh it but a means to serve the flesh, and therefore maketh it odious to God.

4. It is the great hindrance of men’s necessary preparation for death and judgment and stealeth away their hearts and time till it is too late.

5. It is the great cause of contentions even among the nearest relations; and the cause of the wars and calamities of nations; and of the woeful divisions and persecutions of the church; when a worldly generation thinks that their worldly interest doth engage them, against self-denying and spiritual principles, practices, and persons.

6. It is the great cause of all the injustice, and oppression, and cruelty that rageth in the world.  They would do as they would be done by, were it not for the love of money.  It maketh men perfidious and false to all their friends and engagements: no vows to God; nor obligations to men, will hold a lover of the world (Jam. 5:1-5; 1 John 3:17).  The world is his god and his worldly interest is his rule and law.

7. It is the great destroyer of charity and good works. No more is done for God and the poor, because the love of the world forbids it.

8. It disordereth and profaneth families; and betrayeth the souls of children and servants to the devil.  It turneth out prayer and reading the Scripture and good books, and all serious speeches of the life to come, because their hearts are taken up with the world, and they have no relish of any thing but the provisions of their flesh.  Even the Lord’s own day cannot be reserved for holy works, nor a duty performed, but the world is interposing, or diverting the mind.

9. It tempteth men to sin against their knowledge and to forsake the truth and fit themselves to the rising side and save their bodies and estates, whatever become of their souls.  It is the very price that the devil gives for souls!  With this he bought the soul of Judas, who went to the Pharisees, with a “What will you give me, and I will deliver him to you.”  With this he attempted Christ himself, Matt. 4:9, “All these will I give thee, if thou wilt fall down and worship me.”  It is the cause of apostasy and unfaithfulness to God (2 Tim. 4:10).  And it is the price that sinners sell their God, their conscience, and their salvation for.

10. It depriveth the soul of holy communion with God and comfort from him and of all foretaste of the life to come and finally of heaven itself (Tim. 6:17-19).  For as the love of the world keepeth out the love of God and heaven, it must needs keep out the hopes and comforts which should arise from holy love.  It would do much to cure the love of money, and of the world, if you knew how pernicious a sin it is.

Consider the Lowliness of this Sin.

Remember how base a sin it is, and how dishonorable and debasing to the mind of man.  If earth be baser than heaven and money than God, then an earthly mind is baser than a heavenly mind.  As the serpent’s feeding on the dust is a baser life than that of angels that are employed in admiring, and obeying, and praising the Most Holy God.

Consider God’s Judgment

Call yourselves to a daily reckoning, how you lay out all that God committeth to your trust; and try whether it be so as you would hear of it at judgment.  If you did but use to sit in judgment daily upon yourselves, as those that believe the judgment of God, it would make you more careful to use well what you have, than to get more; and it would quench your thirst after plenty and prosperity, when you perceived you must give so strict an account of it.  The flesh itself will less desire it, when it finds it may not have the use of it.

Fight your Covetousness when it is Strong

When you find your covetousness most eager and dangerous, resolve most to cross it, and give more to pious or charitable uses than at another time.  For a man hath reason to fly furthest from that sin, which he is most in danger of.  And the acts tend to the increase of the habit.  Obeying your covetousness doth increase it: and so the contrary acts, and the disobeying and displeasing it, do destroy it.  This course will bring your covetousness into a despair of attaining its desire; and so will make it sit down and give over the pursuit.  It is an open protesting against every covetous desire; and an effectual kind of repenting; and a wise and honest disarming sin, and turning its motions against itself, to its own destruction. Use it thus oft, and covetousness will think it wisdom to be quiet.

Do not Save Heaven for Last

Above all, take heed that you think not of reconciling God and mammon, and mixing heaven and earth to be your felicity, and of dreaming that you may keep heaven for a reserve at last, when the world hath been loved as your best, so long as you could keep it.  Nothing so much defendeth worldliness, as a cheating hope, that you have it but in a subdued, pardoned degree; and that you are not worldlings when you are.  And nothing so much supports this hope, as because you confess that heaven only must be your last refuge, and full felicity, and therefore you do something for it on the bye.  But is not the world more loved, more sought, more delighted in, and harder held?  Hath it not more of your hearts, your delight, desire, and industry?  If you cannot let go all for heaven and forsake all this world for a treasure above, you cannot be Christ’s true disciples, Luke 14:26, 27, 30, 33.

Mortify the Flesh

If ever you would overcome the love of the world, your great care must be to mortify the flesh; for the world is desired but as its provision.  A mortified man hath no need of that which is a sensualist’s felicity.  Quench your insatiable, feverish thirst, and then you will not make such a stir for drink.  Cure the disease which enrageth your appetite; and that is the safest and cheapest way of satisfying it.  Then you will be thankful to God, when you look on other men’s wealth and gallantry, that you need not these things.  And you will think what a trouble and burden, and interruption of your better work and comfort it would be to you, to have so much land, and so many servants, and goods, and business, and persons to mind, as rich men have.  And how much better you can enjoy God and yourself in a more retired, quiet state of life.

Conclusion

Did men but know how much of an ungodly, damnable state doth consist in the love of the world; and how much it is the enemy of souls; and how much of our religion consisteth in the contempt and conquest of it; and what is the meaning of their renouncing the world in their baptismal covenant; and how many millions the love of the world will damn forever; they would not make such a stir for nothing, and spend all their days in providing for their perishing flesh; nor think them happiest that are richest; nor “boast themselves of their heart’s desire, and bless the covetous whom the Lord abhorreth,” Psalm 10:3.  They would not think that so small a sin which Christians should not so much as “name,” but in detestation, Eph. 5:3; when God hath resolved that the “covetous shall not inherit the kingdom of God,” 1 Cor. 6:10; Eph. 5:5; and a Christian must not so much as eat with them, 1 Cor. 5:11.  Did Christ say in vain, “Take heed and beware of covetousness,” Luke 12:15.  “Woe to him that coveteth an evil covetousness to his house, that he may set his nest on high, that he may be delivered from the power of evil,” Hab. 2:9.  Oh what deserving servants hath the world, that will serve it so diligently, so constantly, and at so costly a rate, when they beforehand know, that besides a little transitory, deluding pleasure, it will pay them with nothing but everlasting shame!  Oh wonderful deceiving power, of such an empty shadow, or rather wonderful folly of mankind!  That when so many ages have been deceived before us and almost every one at death confesseth it did but deceive them, so many still should be deceived, and take no warning by such a world of examples!  I conclude with Heb. 13:5, “Let your conversation be without covetousness, and be content with such things as ye have: for he hath said, I will never leave thee nor forsake thee.”

I shall say but little on this subject now, because I have written a Treatise of it already, called “The Crucifying of the World by the Cross of Christ;” in which I have given many directions against this sin.  Understand well the nature and malignity of this sin; both what it is, and why it is so great and perilous.

Lawful Love of Creatures

All love of the creature, the world or riches, is not sin. For:

1. The works of God are all good, as such; and all goodness is worthy of love.  As they are related to God, and his power, and wisdom, and goodness are imprinted on them, so we must love them, even for his sake.

2. All the impressions of the attributes of God appearing on his works do make them as a mirror, in which at this distance we must see the Creator; and their sweetness is a drop from him; by which his goodness and love are tasted.  And so they were all made to lead us up to God and help our minds to converse with him and kindle the love of God in our breasts, as a love-token from our dearest friend; and thus, as the means of our communion with God, the love of them is a duty, and not a sin.

3. They are naturally the means of sustaining our bodies, and preserving life, and health, and alacrity; and as such, our sensitive part hath a love to them, as every beast hath to its food and this love in itself is not of a moral kind, and is neither a virtue nor a vice, till it either be used in obedience to our reason, (and so it is good,) or in disobedience to it (and so it is evil).

4. The creatures are necessary means to support our bodies, while we are doing God the service which we owe him in the world; and so they must be loved, as a means to his service; though we cannot say properly that riches are ordinarily thus necessary.

5. The creatures are necessary to sustain our bodies in our journey to heaven, while we are preparing for eternity; and thus they must be loved as indirect helps to our salvation.  And in these two last respects, we call it in our prayers “our daily bread.”

6. Riches may enable us to relieve our needy brethren and to promote good works for church or state.  And thus also they may be loved; so far as we must be thankful for them, so far we may love them; for we must be thankful for nothing but what is good.

What is Worldliness?

But worldliness, or sinful love of riches, is …

1. When riches are loved and desired, and sought more for the flesh than for God or our salvation; even as the matter or means of our worldly prosperity, that the flesh may lack nothing to please it, and satisfy its desires (Phil. 3:7-9; Jam. 1:10; Phil. 4:11; 1 Tim. 6:5; Prov. 23:4, “Labor not to be rich.”).  Or that pride may have enough wherewith to support itself, by gratifying and obliging others, and living ostentatiously, and in that splendor, as may show our greatness, or further our domination over others.

2. And when we therefore desire them in that proportion which we think most agreeable to these carnal ends, and are not contented with our daily bread, and that proportion which may sustain us as passengers to heaven, and tend most to the securing of our souls, and to the service of God.  So that it is the end by which a sinful love of riches is principally to be discerned; when they are loved for pride or flesh-pleasing, as they are the matter of a worldly, corporal felicity, and not principally for God and his service, and servants and our salvation.  And indeed, as sensualists love them, they should be hated.

When Worldliness is Predominant.

Worldliness is either predominant, and so a certain sign of death; or else mortified, and in a subdued degree, consistent with some saving grace.

Worldliness predominant, as in the ungodly, is, when men that have not a lively belief of the everlasting happiness, nor have laid up their treasure and hopes in heaven, do take the pleasure and prosperity of this life for that felicity which is highest in their esteem, and dearest to their hearts, and therefore love the riches of the world, or full provisions, as the matter and means of this their temporal felicity (Luke 14:26, 33).  Worldliness in a mortified person, is, when he that hath laid up his treasure in heaven, and practically esteemeth his everlasting hopes above all the pleasure and prosperity of the flesh, and seeketh first the kingdom of God and his righteousness, and useth his estate principally for God and his salvation, hath yet some remnants of inordinate desire to the prosperity and pleasure of the flesh, and some inordinate desire of riches for that end; which yet he hateth, lamenteth, resisteth, and so far subdueth, that it is not predominant, against the interest of God and his salvation (Matt. 6:19-21,33; John 6:27; Luke 12:19, 20 18:22-23.)  Yet this is a great sin, though it be forgiven.

The malignity or greatness of this sin consisteth in these points (especially when it is predominant).

1. The love of the world, or of riches, is a sin of deliberation and not of mere temerity or sudden passion: worldlings contrive the attaining of their ends.

2. It is a sin of interest, love, and choice, set up against our chief interest: it is the setting up of a false end, and seeking that; and not only a sin of error in the means, or a seeking the right end in a mistaken way.

3. It is idolatry (Eph. 5:5; Col. 3:5; James 4:4) or a denying God and deposing him in our hearts and setting up his creatures in his stead, in that measure as it prevaileth.  The worldling giveth that love and that trust unto the creature, which are due to God alone; he delighteth in it instead of God and seeketh and holdeth it as his felicity instead of God: and therefore, so far as any man loveth the world, the love of the Father is not in him, 1 John 2:15.  And the friendship of the world is enmity to God.

4. It is a contempt of heaven; when it must be neglected, and a miserable world preferred.

5. It showeth that unbelief prevaileth at the heart so far as worldliness prevaileth: for if men did practically believe the heavenly glory, and the promise thereof, they would be carried above these present things.

6. It is a debasing of the soul of man, and using it like the brutes, while it is principally set upon the serving of the flesh, and on a temporal felicity and neglecteth its eternal happiness and concernments.

7. It is a perverting of the very drift of a man’s life, as employed in seeking a wrong end, and not only of some one faculty or act: it is a habitual sin of the state and course of mind and life, and not only a particular actual sin.

8. It is a perverting of God’s creatures to an end and use clean contrary to that which they were made and given for; and an abusing God by his own gifts, by which he should he served and honored; and a destroying our souls with those mercies which were given us for their help and benefit.  This is the true character of this heinous sin.  In a word, it is the forsaking God, and turning the heart from him, and alienating the life from his service, to this present world, and the service of the flesh.  Fornication, drunken-ness, murder, swearing, perjury, lying, stealing, &c. are very heinous sins.  But a single act of one of these, committed rashly in the violence of passion, or temptation, speaketh not such a malignant turning away of the heart habitually from God, as to say a man is covetous, or a worldling.