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“Here is the patience of the saints: here are they that keep the commandments of God, and the faith of Jesus.  And I heard a voice from heaven saying unto me, Write, Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord from henceforth: Yea, saith the Spirit, that they may rest from their labors, and their works do follow them.” — Revelation 14:12, 13

The text speaks of a voice from heaven which said, “Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord.”  The witness of that voice is not needed upon every occasion, for even the commonest observer is compelled to feel concerning many of the righteous that their deaths are blessed.  Balaam, with all his moral shortsightedness, could say, “Let me die the death of the righteous, and let my last end be like his.”  That is the case when death comes in peaceful fashion.  The man has lived a calm, godly, consistent life; he has lived as long as he could well have wished to live, and in dying he sees his children and his children’s children gathered around his bed.  What a fine picture the old man makes, as he sits up with that snowy head supported by snowy pillows.  Hear him as he tells his children that goodness and mercy have followed him all the days of his life, and now he is going to dwell in the house of the Lord forever.  See the seraphic smile which lights up his face as he bids them farewell and assures them that he already hears the harpers harping with their harps — bids them stay those tears and weep not for him but for themselves — charges them to follow him so far as he has followed Christ and to meet him at the right hand of the Judge in the day of his appearing.  Then the old man, almost without a sigh, leans back and is present with the Lord.

Heaven waits not the last moment; owns her friends

On this side death, and points them out to men;

A lecture silent but of sovereign power!

To vice, confusion — and to virtue, peace.

Even the blind bat’s-eyed worldling can see that “blessed are the dead which die in the Lord” in such a fashion as that, nor is it difficult to perceive that this is the case in many other instances.  We have ourselves known several good men and women who were afraid of death and were much of their lifetime subject to bondage, but they went to bed and fell asleep and never woke again in this world, and as far as appearances go they could never have known so much as one single pang in departure, but fell asleep among mortals to awake amid the angels.  Truly, such gentle loosings of the cable, such fordings of Jordan dry shod, such ascents of the celestial hills with music at every step, are beyond measure desirable, and we need no voice out of the excellent glory to proclaim that blessed are the dead who in such a case die in the Lord.

But that was not the picture which John had before his mind.  It was quite another — a picture grim and black to mortal eye.  The sounds which meet the ear are not those of music, nor the whispered consolations of friends, but quite the reverse, all is painfully terrible, and the very opposite of blessed, so far as strikes the eye and ear.  Hence it became needful that there should be a voice from heaven to say, “Blessed are the dead that die in the Lord.”  I will give you the picture.  The man of God is on the rack.  They are turning that infernal machine with all their might; they have dragged every bone from its place; they have exercised their tortures till every nerve of his body thrills with agony.  He is flung into a dark and loathsome dungeon and left there to recover strength enough to be led in derision through the streets.  Upon his head they have placed a cap painted with devils, and all his garments they have adorned with the resemblance of fiends and flames of hell.  And now, with a priest on each side holding up before him a superstitious emblem and bidding him adore the Virgin or worship the cross, the good man, loaded with chains, goes through the street, say of Madrid or Antwerp, to the place prepared for his execution.  “An act of faith,” they call it – an auto da fe — and an act of heroic faith it is indeed when the man of God takes his place at the stake, in his shirt, with an iron chain about his loins, and is fastened to the tree, where he must stand and burn “quick to the death.”  Can you see him as they kindle the faggots beneath him, and the flames begin to consume his quivering flesh till he is all ablaze and burning — burning without a cry, though fiercely tormented by the fire?  Now assuredly is that voice from heaven wanted, and you can hear it, “Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord,” — blessed even when they die like this.

“Here is the patience of the saints,” and, in the esteem of angels and of glorified spirits, such a death may under many aspects be adjudged to be more blessed than the peaceful deathbed of the saint who had some fellowship with Jesus, but was not so made to drink of his cup and to be baptized with his baptism, as to die a painful and ignominious death as a witness for the truth.  It must have been a dreadful thing to watch the rabble rout hurrying to Smithfield, to stand there and see the burning of the saints.  It would have been a more fearful thing still, if possible, to have been in the dungeons of the Low Countries and seen the Anabaptists put to death in secret.  In a dungeon dark and pestilential, there is placed a huge vat of water, and the faithful witness to Scriptural baptism is drowned, drowned for following the Lamb whithersoever he goeth, drowned alone where no eye could pity and no voice from out of the crowd could shout a word of help and comfort.  Men hear only the coarse jests of the murderers who have given the dipper his last dip, but the ear of faith can hear ringing through the dungeon the voice, “Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord.”  True, through the connection of their names with a fanatic band, these holy ancestors of ours have gained scant honor here, yet their record is on high; blessed they are, and blessed they shall be.  Wheresoever on this earth, whether among the snows of Piedmont’s valleys or in the fair fields of France, saints have died by sword or famine, or fire or massacre, for the testimony of Jesus, because they would not bear the mark of the beast either in their forehead or in their hand, this voice is heard sounding out of the third heavens, “Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord.”

It matters not, my brethren, where they die who die in the Lord.  It may be that they have not the honor of martyrdom in man’s esteem, yet are witnesses for the Lord in poverty and pain.  Here is the patience and here also is the blessedness of the saints.  Yonder poor girl lies in a garret [watchtower], where the stars look between the tiles and the moon gleams on the ragged hangings of the pallet where she largely suffers and, without a murmur, gradually dissolves into death.  However obscure and unknown she may be, she has been kept from the great transgression; tempted sorely, she has yet held fast her purity and her integrity; her prayers, unheard by others, have gone up before the Lord, and she dies in the Lord, saved through Jesus Christ.  None will preach her funeral sermon, but she shall not miss that voice from Heaven, saying, “Write, blessed are the dead which die in the Lord.”  We repeat it, it matters not when you die nor in what condition; if you are in the Lord and die in the Lord, right blessed are ye.

First, we shall briefly describe their character, then mention the rest which constitutes their blessedness, and conclude by meditating upon the reward, which is a further part of that blessedness.

I. First, then, let us describe THE CHARACTER.

“Here is the patience of the saints.”  To be blessed when we die, we must be saints.  By nature we are sinners, and by grace we must become saints if we would enter heaven; for it is the land of saints, and none but saints can ever pass its frontiers.  Since death does not change character, we must be made saints here below if we are to be saints above.  We have come to misuse the term “saint,” and apply it only to some few of God’s people.  What means it but this — holy?  Holy men and holy women — these are saints.  It is not Saint Peter and Saint John merely; you are a saint, dear brother, if you live unto the Lord; you are a saint, my sister, however obscure your name, if you keep the Lord’s way, and walk before him in sincere obedience.  We must be saints, and in order to be this we must be renewed in spirit, for we are sinners by nature; we must, in fact, be born again.  All unholy and unclean, we are by nature nothing else but sin; and we must be created anew by the power of the eternal Spirit, or else holiness will never dwell in us.  Our loves must be changed, so that we no longer love evil things, but delight only in that which is true, generous, kind, upright, pure, godlike.  We must be changed in every faculty and power of our nature by that same hand which first made us, and across our brows must be written these words, “Holiness unto the Lord.”

The word saint denotes not merely the pure in character, but those who are set apart unto God, dedicated ones, sanctified by being devoted to holy uses — by being, in fact, consecrated to God alone.  My dear hearer, do you belong to God?  Do you live to glorify Jesus?  Can you honestly put your hand on your heart and say, “Yes, I belong to him who bought me with his blood, and I endeavor by his grace to live as he would have me live.  I am devoted to his honor, loving my fellow-men and loving my Lord, endeavoring to be like unto him in all things?”  You must be such, for “without holiness no man shall see the Lord.”

“But how am I to attain to holiness?”  You cannot rise to it save by divine strength.  The Holy Spirit is the Sanctifier.  Jesus who is our justifier is also made unto us sanctification, and if we by faith lay hold on him, we shall find in him all that we want.  Let this be a searching matter with every one here present, as I desire to make it with myself, and may God grant we may be numbered with the saints!

But the glorified are also described in our text as patient ones — “Here is the patience of the saints,” or, if you choose to render it differently, you may lawfully do so — “Here is the endurance of the saints.”  Those who are to be crowned in heaven must bear the cross on earth.  “No cross, no crown” is still most true.  Many would be saints if everybody would encourage them; but as soon as a hard word is spoken, they are offended.  They would go to heaven if they could travel there amidst the hosannas of the multitude, but when they hear the cry of “Crucify him, crucify him,” straightway they desert the man of Nazareth, for they have no intention to share his cross or to be despised and rejected of men.  The true saints of God are prepared to endure scoffing, and jeering, and scorning; they accept this cross without murmuring, remembering him who endured such contradiction of sinners against himself.  They know that their brethren who went before “resisted unto blood, striving against sin,” and as they have not yet come to that point, they count it foul scorn that they should be ashamed or confounded in minor trials, let their adversaries do what they may.  Those who are to sing Christ’s praise in heaven must first have been willing to bear Christ’s shame below.  Numbered with him in the humiliation must they be, or they cannot expect to be partakers with him in the glory.  And now, dear brethren and sisters, how is it with us?  Are we willing to be reproached for Christ’s glory?  Can we bear the sarcasm of the wise?  Can we bear the jest of the witty?  Are we willing to be pointed at as Puritanic, punctilious and precise?  Do we dare to be singular when to be singular is to be right?  If we can do this by God’s grace, let us further question ourselves.  Could we endure this ordeal if its intensity were increased?  Suppose it came to something worse — to the thumbscrew or the rack, could we then bear it?

I sometimes fear that many professors would cut a sorry figure if persecuting times should come; for I observe that to be excluded from what is called “society” is a great grievance to many modern Christians.  When they settle in any place, their enquiry is not, “Where can I hear the gospel best?” but “Which is the most fashionable place of worship?”  And the question with regard to their children is not, “Where will they have Christian associations?” but “How can I introduce them to society?” — introduction to society frequently being an introduction to temptation, and the commencement of a life of levity.  Oh, that all Christians could scorn the soft witcheries of the world, for, if they cannot, they may be sure that they will not bear its fiery breath when, like an oven, persecution comes forth to try the saints.  God grant us grace to have the patience of the saints; that patience of the saints which will cheerfully suffer loss rather than do a wrong thing in business; that patience of the saints which will pine in poverty sooner than yield a principle though a kingdom were at stake; that patience of the saints which dreads not being unfashionable if the right be reckoned so; that patience of the saints which courts no man’s smile, and fears no man’s frown, but can endure all things for Jesus’ sake, and is resolved to do so.  “Can you cleave to your Lord when the many turn aside?  Can you witness that he hath the living word, and none upon earth beside?”  Can you watch with him when all forsake him and stand by him when he is the butt of ribald jest and scorn, and bear the sneer of science, falsely so called, and more polite sarcasm of those who say they “doubt,” but mean that they utterly disbelieve?  Blessed is that preacher who shall be true to Christ in these evil days.  Blessed is that church-member who shall follow Christ’s word through the mire and through the slough, o’er the hill and down the dale, caring nothing so that he can but be true to his Master.  This must be our resolve.  If we are to win the glory, we must be faithful unto death.  God make us so!  “Here is the patience of the saints” — it cometh not by nature; it is the gift of the grace of God.

Farther on these saints are described as “they that keep the commandments of God.”  This expression is not intended for a moment to teach us that these people are saved by their own merits.  They are saints to begin with, and in Christ to begin with, but they prove they are in Christ by keeping the commandments of God.  Let us search ourselves upon this matter.  Brethren and sisters, we cannot hope to reach the end if we do not keep the way.  No man is so unwise as to think that he would reach Bristol if he were to take the road to York.  He knows that to get to a place he must follow the road which leads thither.  There is a way of holiness in which the righteous walk, and this way of obedience to the Lord’s commands must and will be trodden by all who truly believe in Jesus and are justified by faith, for faith works obedience.  A good tree brings forth good fruit.  If there be no fruit of obedience to God’s commands in you, or in me, we may rest assured that the root of genuine faith in Jesus Christ is not in us at all.  In this age the keeping of Christ’s commandments is thought to be of very little consequence.  It is dreadful to think how Christians in the matter of the law of God’s house do not even pretend to follow Christ and his appointments.  They join a church, and they go by the law of that church, though that church’s rule may be clean contrary to the will of Christ; but they answer to everything, “That is our rule, you know.”  But then who has a right to make rules for you or for me, but Christ Jesus?  He is the only legislator in the kingdom of God, and by his commands we ought to be guided.  I should not, I could not, feel grieved if brethren arrived at contrary conclusions to mine, I being fallible myself; but I do feel grieved when I see brethren arrive at conclusions, not as the result of investigation, but simply by taking things just as they find them.  Too many professors have a happy-go-lucky style of Christianity.  Whichever happens to come first they follow.  Their fathers and mothers were this or that, or they were brought up in such and such a connection, and that decides them; they do not pray, “Lord, show me what thou wouldst have me to do.”  Brethren, these things ought not so to be.  Has not the Master said, “Whosoever shall break one of the least of these my commandments, and teach men so, the same shall be least in the kingdom of heaven?”  I would not stand here to condemn my fellow Christians for a moment; in so doing I should condemn myself also, but I plead with you, if you do indeed believe in Jesus, be careful to observe all things whatsoever he hath commanded you, for he has said, “If ye abide in me, and my words abide in you, ye shall ask what ye will, and it shall be done unto you;” and again, “If ye love me keep my commandments.”

A worldling once said to a puritan, “When so many great make rents in their consciences, cannot you make just a little nick in yours for peace’s sake?”  “No,” said he, “I must follow Christ fully.”  “Ah, well,” you say, “these things are non-essential.”  Nothing is non-essential to complete obedience: it may be non-essential to salvation, but it is selfishness to say, “I will do no more than I know to be absolutely necessary to my salvation.”  It is essential to a good servant to obey his master in all things, and it is essential for the healthiness of a Christian’s soul that he should walk very carefully and prayerfully before the Lord, else otherwise he will miss the blessing of them of whom it is said, “These are they which follow the Lamb whithersoever he goeth.”  To be blessed in death we must keep the commandments of God.

The next mark of the blessed dead is that they kept “the faith of Jesus.”  This is another point upon which I would emphasize, if I could, for to keep the faith of Jesus is an undertaking much ridiculed now-a-days.  “Doctrines!” says one, “we are tired of doctrines.”

For forms and creeds let graceless bigots fight,

He can’t be wrong whose life is in the right.

The opinion is current that to be fluent and original is the main thing in preaching, and provided a man is a clever orator it is a proper thing to hear him.  The Lord will wither with the breath of his nostrils that cleverness in any man which departs from the simplicity of the truth.  There is a gospel, and “there is also another gospel which is not another, but there be some that trouble you.”  There is a yea yea, and there is a nay nay; and woe unto those whose preaching is yea and nay, for it shall not stand in the great day when the Lord shall try every man’s work of what sort it is.  Search ye, my brethren, and know what the gospel is, and when you do know it, hold it: hold it as with a hand of iron and never relax your grasp.  Grievous wolves have come in among us, wolves of another sort to what were wont to be in the churches, yet, verily, after the same fashion they come disguised in sheep’s clothing.  They use our very terms and phrases, meaning all the while something else; they take away the essentials and vitalities of the faith and replace them with their own inventions, which they brag of as being more consistent with modern thought and with the culture of this very advanced and enlightened age, which seems by degrees to be advancing, half of it to Paganism with the Ritualists, and the other half of it to Atheism with the Rationalists.  From such advances may God save us!  May we be enabled to keep the faith and uphold the truth which we know, by which also we are saved.  I, for one, cannot desert the grand doctrine of the atoning blood, the substitutionary work of Christ, and the truths which cluster around it.  And why can I not desert these things?  Because my life, my peace, my hope hang upon them.  I am a lost man if there is no substitutionary sacrifice, and I know it.  If the Son of God did not die, “the just for the unjust, to bring us to God,” I must be damned; and therefore all the instincts of my nature cling to the faith of Jesus.  How can I give up that which has redeemed my soul and given me joy and peace and a hope hereafter?  I beseech you, do not waver in your belief, but keep the faith, lest ye be like some in old time who “made shipwreck of faith and a good conscience,” and were utterly cast away.  Woe unto those who keep not the doctrines of the gospel, for in due time they forget its precepts also and become utterly reprobate.  In departing from Christ, men forsake their own mercies both for life and death.  The blessed who die in the Lord are those who “keep the commandments of God and the faith of Jesus.”

Notice that these people continue faithful till they die.  For it is said, “Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord.”  Final perseverance is the crown of the Christian life.  “Ye did run well; what did hinder you that ye should not obey the truth?”  Vain is it to begin to build, we must crown the edifice or all men will deride us.  Helmet and plume, armor and sword, are all assumed for nothing unless the warrior fights on till he has secured the victory.

Those who thus entered into rest exercised themselves in labors for Christ.  For it is said, “They rest from their labors, and their works do follow them.”  The idle Christian can have little hope of a reward; he who serves not his Master can scarcely expect that his Master will at the last gird himself and serve him.  If I address any here who are not bringing forth fruit unto God, I can say no less than this, “Every tree that bringeth not forth fruit is hewn down and cast into the fire.”  “Be not deceived; God is not mocked: whatsoever a man soweth that shall he also reap.”  The rule is invariable.  It must be so.  If there be no works and no labors for Christ, no suffering or patient endurance, we lack the main evidence of being the people of God at all.

To close this description of character, these people who die in the Lord were in the Lord.  That is the great point.  They could not have died in the Lord if they had not lived in the Lord.  But are we in the Lord?  Is the Lord by faith in us?  Dear hearer, are you resting upon Jesus Christ only?  Is he all your salvation and all your desire?  What is your reply to my enquiry?  You are not perfect, but Jesus is.  Are you hanging upon him as the vessel hangs upon the nail?  You cannot expect to stand before God with acceptance in yourself, but are you “accepted in the beloved?”  That is the question — “accepted in the beloved.”  Are you in Christ and is Christ in you by real vital union, by a faith that is the gift of God and the work of the Holy Spirit in your soul?  Answer, I charge you, for if you cannot answer these things before one of your own flesh and blood, how will you answer in your soul when the Lord himself shall come?

II. So much with regard to the character.  And now a very few words with regard to THE BLESSEDNESS which is ascribed to those who die in the Lord. “They rest from their labors.”

By this is meant that the saints in heaven rest from such labors as they performed here.  No doubt they fulfill service in heaven.  It would be an unhappy heaven in which there should be nothing for our activities to spend themselves upon.  But such labors as we can do here will not fall to our lot there.  There we shall not teach the ignorant, or rebuke the erring, or comfort the desponding, or help the needy.  There we cannot oppose the teacher of error or do battle against the tempter of youth.  There no little children can be gathered at our knee and trained for Jesus, no sick ones can be visited with the word of comfort, no backsliders led back, no young converts confirmed, no sinners converted.  They rest from such labors as these in heaven.

They rest from their labors in the sense that they are no longer subject to the toil of labor.  Whatever they do in heaven will yield them refreshment and never cause them weariness.  As some birds are said to rest upon the wing, so do the saints find in holy activity their serenest repose.  They serve him day and night in his temple, and therein they rest.  Even as on earth by wearing our Lord’s yoke we find rest unto our souls, so in the perfect obedience of heaven complete repose is found.

They rest also from the woe of labor, for I find the word has been read by some “they rest from their wailing.”  The original is a word which signifies to beat and hence, as applied to beating on the breast it indicates sorrow; but the beating may signify conflict with the world, or labor in any form.  The sorrow of work for Jesus is over with all the blessed dead.  Naught to that place approacheth their sweet peace to molest; they shall no more say that they are sick, neither shall adversity afflict them.  Their rest is perfect.  I do not know whether the idea of rest is cheering to all of you, but to some of us whose work exceeds our strength it is full of pleasantness.  Some have bright thoughts of service hereafter, and I hope we all have, but to those who have more to do for Christ than the weary brain can endure — the prospect of a bath in the ocean of rest is very pleasant.  They rest from their labors.

To the servant of the Lord, it is very sweet to think that, when we reach our heavenly home, we shall rest from the faults of our labors.  We shall make no mistakes there, never use too strong language or mistaken words, nor err in spirit, nor fail through excess or want of zeal.  We shall rest from all that which grieves us in the retrospect of our service.  Our holy things up there will not need to be wept over, though now they are daily salted with our tears.

We shall there rest from the discouragements of our labor.  There no cold-hearted brethren will damp our ardor or accuse us of evil motives; no desponding brethren will warn us that we are rash when our faith is strong and obstinate when our confidence is firm.  None will pluck us by the sleeve and hold us back when we would run the race with all our might.  None will chide us because our way is different from theirs, and none will foretell disaster and defeat when we confidently know that God will give us the victory.

We shall also rest from the disappointments of labor. Dear brother ministers, we shall not have to go home and tell our Lord that none have believed our report.  We shall not go to our beds sleepless because certain of our members are walking inconsistently and others of them are backsliding, while those that we thought were converted have gone back again to the world.  Here we must sow in tears: there we shall reap in joy.  There we shall wear the crown, or rather cast it at the Master’s feet; but here we must plunge deep into the sea to fetch up the pearls from the depths that they may be set in the diadem.  Here we labor; there we shall enjoy the fruits of toil, where no blight or mildew endangers the harvest.

It will be a sweet thing to get away to heaven, I am sure, to rest from all contentions amongst our fellow Christians. One of the hardest parts of Christ’s service is to follow peace and to maintain truth at the same time.  He is a wise chemist who can in due proportions blend the pure and the peaceable; he is no mean philosopher who can duly balance the duties of affection and faithfulness, and show us how to smite the sin and love the sinner — to denounce the error and yet to cultivate affection for the brother who has fallen into it.  We shall not encounter this difficulty in yon bright world of truth and love, for both we and our brethren shall be fully taught of the Lord in all things.  We shall be free from the clouds and mists of doubt which now cover the earth, and clear of the demon spirits which seek to ruin men’s souls beneath the shadow of deadly falsehood.  Blessed be God for this prospect!  It will be joy indeed to meet no one but a saint, to speak with none but those who use the language of Canaan, to commune with none but the sanctified.  Truly blessed are the dead which die in the Lord, if they reach to such as this.

To this our laboring souls aspire,

With ardent pangs of strong desire.

“Our feet shall stand within thy gates, O Jerusalem.”

III. The last matter for our consideration is THEIR REWARD “They rest from their labors, and their works do follow them.”

Their works do not go before them; they have a forerunner infinitely superior to their works, for Jesus and his finished work have led the way.  “I go,” says he, “to prepare a place for you.”  In effect he says to us, “Not your works, but mine; not your tears, but my blood; not your efforts, but my finished work.”  Where then do our works come?  Do they march at our right hand or our left as subjects of cheering contemplation?  No, no, we dare not take them as companions to comfort us: they follow us at our heel; they keep behind us out of sight, and we ourselves in our desires after holiness always outmarch them.  The Christian should always keep his best services behind, always going beyond them, and never setting them before his eyes as objects for congratulation.  The preacher should labor to preach the best sermons possible, but he must never have them before him so as to cause him, in self-satisfaction, to say, “I have done well;” nor should he have them by his side, as if he rested in them, or leaned upon them, for this were to make antichrists of them.  No, let them come behind: that is their proper place.  Believers know where to put good works; they do not despise them, they never say a word to depreciate the law or undervalue the graces of the Holy Spirit, but still they dare not put their holiest endeavors in the room of Christ.  Jesus goes before, works follow after.

Note well that the works are in existence and are mentioned; immortality and honor belong to them.  The works of godly men are not insignificant or unimportant as some seem to think.  They are not forgotten, they are not as the leaves of last year’s summer; they are full of life and bloom unfadingly; they follow the saints as they ascend to heaven, even as the silver trail follows in the wake of the vessel.  I pictured just now a man burning at the stake; his enemies thought they had destroyed his work, but they only deepened its hold upon the age in which he suffered and projected his influence into the effect for ages to come.  They made a pile of his books, and as they blazed before his eyes they said, “There is an end of you and your heresies.”  Ah, what fools men have become!  Truth is not vanquished with such weapons, nay, nor so much as wounded.  Think of the case of Wycliffe, which I need not repeat to you.  They threw his ashes into the brook the brook carried them to the river, and the river to the sea, till every wave bore its portion of the precious relics, just as the influence of his preaching has been felt on every shore.  Persecutors concluded beyond all question that they had made an end of a good man’s teaching when they had burned him and thrown away his ashes, but they forgot that truth often gathers a more vigorous life from the death of the man who speaks it, and books once written have an immortality which laughs at fire.

Thousands of infidel and heathen works have gone, so that not a copy is to be found – I hope they never may be unearthed from the salutary oblivion which entombs them: but books written for the Master and his truth, though buried in obscurity are sure of a resurrection.  Fifty years ago our old Puritan authors, yellow with age and arrayed in dingy bindings, wandered about in sheep-skins and goat-skins, destitute, afflicted, tormented, but they have been brought forth in new editions, every library is enriched with them, the most powerful religious thought is affected by their utterances and will be till the end of time.  You cannot kill a good man’s work, nor a good woman’s work either, though it be only the teaching of a few children in the Sunday-school.  You do not know to whom you may be teaching Christ, but assuredly you are sowing seed which will blossom and flower in the far off ages.  When Mrs. Wesley taught her sons, little did she think what they would become.  You do not know who may be in your class, my young friend.  You may have there a young Whitfield, and if the Lord enable you to lead him to Jesus, he will bring thousands to decision.  Ay, at your breast, good woman, there may be hanging one whom God will make a burning and a shining light; and if you train that little one for Jesus, your work will never be lost.  No holy tear is forgotten, it is in God’s bottle.  No desire for another’s good is wasted, God has heard it.  A word spoken for Jesus, a mite cast into Christ’s treasury, a gracious line written to a friend — all these are things which shall last when yonder sun has blackened into a coal and the moon has curdled into a clot of blood.  Deeds done in the power of the Spirit are eternal.  Therefore, “Be ye steadfast, unmovable, always abounding in the work of the Lord, forasmuch as ye know that your labor is not in vain in the Lord.”

Good works follow Christians and they will be rewarded.  The rewards of heaven will be all of grace, but there will be rewards.  You cannot read the Scripture without perceiving that the Lord first gives us good works, and then in his grace rewards us for them.  There is a “Well done, good and faithful servant,” and there is a proportionate allotment of reward to the man who was faithful with five talents and the man who was faithful with two.  You who live for Jesus may be quite certain that your life will be recompensed in the world to come.  I repeat it, the reward will not be of debt, but of grace, but a reward there will be.  Oh, the joy of knowing, when you are gone, that the truth you preached is living still!  Methinks the apostles since they have been in heaven must often have looked down on the world and marveled at the work which God helped twelve poor fishermen to do.  And they must have felt a growing blessedness as they have seen nations converted by the truth which they preached in feebleness.  What must be the joy of a pastor in glory to find his spiritual children coming in one by one!  Methinks, if I may, I shall go down to the gate and linger there to look for some of you.  Ay, not a few shall I welcome as my children there, blessed be the name of the Lord; but what a joy it will be!

You, teachers — you my good sister, who have brought so many to Christ — I cannot but believe that it shall multiply your heaven to see your dear ones entering it.  You will have a heaven in every one of those whose feet you guided thither, you will joy in their joy, and praise the Lord in their praise.  No, no, the good old cause shall never die and the truth shall never perish.  As I have lately read many hard things that have been spoken against the gospel, and as in going up and down throughout this land I have seen the nation wholly given to idolatry, I have felt something of the spirit of the Pole who wherever he wanders says to himself, “No, Poland, thou shalt never perish!”  Despite the darkness and ill-savor of the times, the gospel nears its triumph.  It can never perish.  Great men may fall, great reputations may grow obscure, grand philosophies may be cast into the shade, monstrous infidelities may win popularity, and old superstitions may come back again to darken us; but thy cross, Emmanuel, thy pure and simple gospel, the faith our fathers loved and died for, must continue to be earth’s brightest light — her day-star, till the day dawn and the shadows flee away.  The vessel of the church can never be wrecked; she rocks and reels in the mad tempest, but she is sound from stem to stern and her pilot steers her with a hand omnipotently wise.  Her bow is in the wave, but see she divides the sea and shakes off the mountainous billows, as a lion shakes the dew from his mane!  Fiercer storms than those of the present have beat upon her, and yet she has kept her eye to the wind, and in the very teeth of hell’s tremendous tempests she has ploughed her glorious way: and so she will till she reaches her appointed haven.  The Lord liveth and the Lord reigneth, and Christ from the tree has gone to the throne — from Gethsemane and Golgotha up to the glory; and all power is given unto him in heaven and in earth.  We have nothing to do but to go on preaching the gospel and baptizing in his name, according to his bidding; and the day shall come when the might with the right and the truth shall be, and the right hand of Jesus with the iron rod shall break his adversaries and reward his friends.  The Lord own every one of us as being on his side; and if we are not on that side, oh, that we may speedily become so by repentance and faith!  May the Lord turn us, and we shall be turned; for if “Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord,” depend upon it, cursed are they that die out of Christ — ay, cursed with a curse, and their works shall follow them or go before them, unto judgment, to their condemnation.  May infinite mercy save us from being howled at by our works in the next world, save us from being hunted down by the wolves of our past sins, risen from the dead; for, except we are forgiven, our transgressions will rise from the grave of forgetfulness, and gather around us, and tear us in pieces, and there shall be none to deliver.

May we fly even now to Jesus, and through faith in his blood be delivered from all evil that we also may have it said of us, “Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord.”  The Lord bless you for Christ’s sake.  Amen.

No one today would say that death is “precious.”  Certainly the testimony of most of the human is the opposite—death is terrible and greatly to be feared.  Most fear death for the wrong reasons.  They fear the pain and agony that might be faced in death, or perhaps they fear the separation from loved ones, or maybe they fear the loss of the things of this world.  But the greatest fear should not be death itself, but what happens after death.  Jesus told his disciples, “Do not fear those that can kill the body but cannot kill the soul.  But rather fear Him who is able to destroy both the body and soul in hell” (Matthew 10:28).  Death for the non-believer ought to be feared, not because of death itself, but because of the eternal consequences of dying apart from a savior.

But the testimony of Scripture regarding the death of believers is wonderfully different—it is considered “precious in the sight of the Lord!”  Why is this so different?  There are many reasons, only of few of which can be explored in this short issue.  Their death is precious because they are precious to the Lord, because they will have sweet reunion and fellowship with the saints who have gone before them, and because they will rest from the toil of their labors and be free from their pains and sorrows.  Most of all, death is precious for believers because “to be absent from the body is to be present with the Lord.”  For those whose hearts desire the Lord more than anything or anyone, death becomes “precious” though it still includes deep waters to pass through.

We hope this issue may help you to have a Biblical view of the death of believers and be able to “grieve, but not as those who have no hope” when a dear brother or sister dies in the Lord.   We also hope that our next issue on “Heaven” will serve as a companion to this one in helping believers see death as glory for those who know Him.  To God be the Glory, alone and forever!

By His Grace, Jim & Debbie

Perhaps one of the most neglected doctrines in Reformed Theology is the doctrine of the Holy Spirit.  Much of this neglect stems from fears related to concerns about emotional excesses and the operation of certain spiritual gifts.  But the work and ministry of the Holy Spirit is essential in all theology.  Without a proper understanding of and dependence upon the Holy Spirit, our theologies would be little more than Pelagian moralism.  If there is anything that Reformed teaching affirms, it is the emptiness of human efforts apart from the power and activity of God.  This is why the doctrine of the Holy Spirit must be understood and taught today.

For this reason, this issue begins with a foundational article by A. W. Pink on the importance of this doctrine.  Pink’s article reminds us of the danger of slipping back into a flesh/works orientation if we ignore the work of the Holy Spirit.  Although the compilation is no longer in print, A. W. Pink’s The Holy Spirit contains a number of helpful articles that far surpass the scope of this publication.

We have also included a doctrinal study by John Calvin on “The Divinity of the Holy Spirit” and a practical study by Thomas Watson entitled “A Godly Man Has the Spirit of Christ in Him.”  The article by Jonathan Edwards deals primarily with an exposition of 1 Corinthians 13:8 in which Edwards examines the work of the Spirit in eternity.

The issue is rounded out by articles by William Gurnal (“Praying in the Spirit”), Charles Spurgeon (“The Holy Spirit in the Covenant”), and A. W. Pink (“The Work of the Spirit”).  Each provides insights to various aspects of the ministry of the Holy Spirit.

We hope this issue is helpful in providing some often neglected study on the Holy Spirit.  However, we realize that the work of the Spirit is so pervasive and so important that many other aspects and areas could be studied also.  We hope this issue will provide a springboard for additional studies on the Holy Spirit that each reader might consider.  Most of all, we pray that the work of the Spirit might become the foundation of all that we do in life and ministry.

By His Grace, Jim & Debbie

It is a great mistake to suppose that the works of the Spirit are all of one kind, or that His operations preserve an equality as to degree.  To insist that they are and do would be ascribing less freedom to the Third Person of the Godhead than is enjoyed and exercised by men.  There is variety in the activities of all voluntary agents: even human beings are not confined to one sort of work, nor to the production of the same kind of effects; and where they design so to do, they moderate them as to degrees according to their power and pleasure.  Much more so is it with the Holy Spirit.  The nature and kind of His works are regulated by His own will and purpose.

Some He executes by the touch of His finger (so to speak), in others He puts forth His hand, while in yet others (as on the day of Pentecost) He lays bare His arm. He works by no necessity of His nature, but solely according to the pleasure of His will (1 Corinthians 12:11).

Upon Both The Unsaved And The Saved

Many of the works of the Spirit, though perfect in kind and fully accomplishing their design, are wrought by Him upon and within men who, nevertheless, are not saved.  “The Holy Spirit is present with many as to powerful operations, with whom He is not present as to gracious inhabitation.  Or, many are made partakers of Him in His spiritual gifts, who are not made partakers of Him in His saving grace, Matthew 7:22, 23” (John Owen on Hebrews 6:4).  The light which God furnishes different souls varies considerably, both in kind and degree.  Nor should we be surprised at this in view of the adumbration in the natural world: how wide is the difference between the glimmering of the stars from the radiance of the full moon, and that again from the shining of the midday sun.  Equally wide is the gulf which separates the savage with his faint illumination of conscience from one who has been educated under a Christian ministry, and greater still is the difference between the spiritual understanding of the wisest unregenerate professor and the feeblest babe in Christ; yet each has been a subject of the Spirit’s operations.

“The Holy Spirit works in two ways.  In some men’s hearts, He works with restraining grace only, and the restraining grace, though it will not save them, is enough to keep them from breaking out into the open and corrupt vices in which some men indulge who are totally left by the restraints of the Spirit..… God the Holy Spirit may work in men some good desires and feelings, and yet have no design of saving them.  But mark, none of these feelings are things that accompany salvation, for if so, they would be continued.  But He does not work Omnipotently to save, except in the persons of His own elect, whom He assuredly bringeth unto Himself.  I believe, then, that the trembling of Felix is to be accounted for by the restraining grace of the Spirit quickening his conscience and making him tremble” (C. H. Spurgeon on Acts 24:25).

The Holy Spirit has been robbed of much of His distinctive glory through Christians failing to perceive His varied workings.  In concluding that the operations of the blessed Spirit are confined unto God’s elect, they have been hindered from offering to Him that praise which is His due for keeping this wicked world a fit place for them to live.  Few today realize how much the children of God owe to the Third Person of the Trinity for holding in leash the children of the Devil, and preventing them from utterly consuming Christ’s church on earth.  It is true there are comparatively few texts which specifically refer to the distinctive Person of the Spirit as reigning over the wicked, but once it is seen that in the Divine economy all is from God the Father, all is through God the Son, and all is by God the Spirit, each is given His proper and separate place in our hearts and thoughts.

The Spirit’s Operation In The Non-Elect

Let us, then, now point out a few of the Spirit’s general and inferior operations in the non-elect, as distinguished from His special and superior works in the redeemed.

1.  In restraining evil. If God should leave men absolutely to their own natural corruptions and to the power of Satan (as they fully deserve to be, as He will in Hell, and as He would now but for the sake of His elect), all show of goodness and morality would be entirely banished from the earth: men would grow past feeling in sin, and wickedness would swiftly and entirely swallow up the whole world.  This is abundantly clear from Genesis 6:3, 4, 5, 12.  But He who restrained the fiery furnace of Babylon without quenching it, He who prevented the waters of the Red Sea from flowing without changing their nature, now hinders the working of natural corruption without mortifying it.  Vile as the world is, we have abundant cause to adore and praise the Holy Spirit that it is not a thousand times worse.

The world hates the people of God (John 15:19): why, then, does it not devour them?  What is it that holds back the enmity of the wicked against the righteous?  Nothing but the restraining power of the Holy Spirit.  In Psalm 14:1-3 we find a fearful picture of the utter depravity of the human race.  Then in verse 4 the Psalmist asks, “Have all the workers of iniquity no knowledge?  Who eat up my people as they eat bread, and call not upon the Lord?”  To which answer is made, “There were they in great fear: for God is in the generation of the righteous” (v. 5).  It is the Holy Spirit who places that “great fear” within them, to keep them back from many outrages against God’s people.  He curbs their malice.  So completely are the reprobate shackled by His almighty hand, that Christ could say to Pilate, “thou couldest have no power against me, except it were given thee from above” (John 19:11)!

2.  In inciting to good actions. All the obedience of children to parents, all the true love between husbands and wives, is to be attributed unto the Holy Spirit.  Whatever morality and honesty, unselfishness and kindness, submission to the powers that be and respect for law and order which is still to be found in the world, must be traced back to the gracious operations of the Spirit.  A striking illustration of His benign influence is found in 1 Samuel 10:26, “Saul also went home to Gibeah: and there went with him a band of men, whose hearts God (the Spirit) had touched.”

Men’s hearts are naturally inclined to rebellion, are impatient against being ruled over, especially by one raised out of a mean condition among them.  The Lord the Spirit inclined the hearts of those men to be subject unto Saul, gave them a disposition to obey him.  Later, the Spirit touched the heart of Saul to spare the life of David, melting him to such an extent that he wept (1 Samuel 24:16).  In like manner, it was the Holy Spirit who gave the Hebrews favor in the eyes of the Egyptians—who hitherto had bitterly hated them—so as to give earrings to them (Exodus 12:35, 36).

3.  In convicting of sin. Few seem to understand that conscience in the natural man is inoperative unless stirred up by the Spirit.  As a fallen creature, thoroughly in love with sin (John 3:19), man resists and disputes against any conviction of sin.  “My Spirit shall not always strive with man, for that he also is flesh” (Genesis 6:3): man, being “flesh,” would never have the least distaste of any iniquity unless the Spirit excited those remnants of natural light which still remain in the soul.  Being “flesh,” fallen man is perverse against the convictions of the Spirit (Acts 7:51), and remains so forever unless quickened and made “spirit” (John 3:6).

4.  In illuminating. Concerning Divine things, fallen man is not only devoid of light, but is “darkness” itself (Ephesians 5:8).  He had no more apprehension of spiritual things than the beasts of the field.  This is very evident from the state of the heathen.  How, then, shall we explain the intelligence which is found in thousands in Christendom, who yet give no evidence that they are new creatures in Christ Jesus?  They have been enlightened by the Holy Spirit (Hebrews 6:4).  Many are constrained to inquire into those scriptural subjects which make no demand on the conscience and life; yea, many take great delight in them.  Just as the multitudes took pleasure in beholding the miracles of Christ, who could not endure His searching demands, so the light of the Spirit is pleasant to many to whom His convictions are grievous.

The Spirit’s Operation In The Elect

We have dwelt upon some of the general and inferior operations which the Holy Spirit performs upon the non-elect, who are never brought unto a saving knowledge of the Truth.  Now we shall consider His special and saving work in the people of God, dwelling mainly upon the absolute necessity for the same.  It should make it easier for the Christian reader to perceive the absoluteness of this necessity when we say that the whole work of the Spirit within the elect is to plant in the heart a hatred for and a loathing of sin as sin, and a love for and longing after holiness as holiness.

This is something which no human power can bring about.  It is something which the most faithful preaching as such cannot produce. It is something which the mere circulating and reading of the Scripture does not impart. It is a miracle of grace, a Divine wonder, which none but God can or does perform.

Total Depravity Apart From The Spirit

Of course, if men are only partly depraved (which is really the belief today of the vast majority of preachers and their hearers, never having been experimentally taught by God their own depravity), if deep down in their hearts all men really love God, if they are so good-natured as to be easily persuaded to become Christians, then there is no need for the Holy Spirit to put forth His Almighty power and do for them what they are altogether incapable of doing for themselves.  And again: if “being saved” consists merely in believing I am a lost sinner and on my way to Hell, and by simply believing that God loves me, that Christ died for me, and that He will save me now on the one condition that I “accept Him as my personal Savior” and “rest upon His finished work,” then no supernatural operations of the Holy Spirit are required to induce and enable me to fulfill that condition—self-interest moves me to, and a decision of my will is all that is required.

But if, on the other hand, all men hate God (John 15:23, 25), and have minds which are “enmity against Him” (Romans 8:7), so that “there is none that seeketh after God” (Romans 3:11), preferring and determining to follow their own inclinations and pleasures.  If instead of being disposed unto that which is good, “the heart of the sons of men is fully set in them to do evil” (Ecclesiastes 8:11).  And if when the overtures of God’s mercy are made known to them and they are freely invited to avail themselves of the same, they “all with one consent begin to make excuse” (Luke 14:1 8)—then it is very evident that the invincible power and transforming operations of the Spirit are indispensably required if the heart of a sinner is thoroughly changed, so that rebellion gives place to submission and hatred to love.  This is why Christ said, “No man can come to me, except the Father (by the Spirit) which hath sent me draw him” (John 6:44).

Again—if the Lord Jesus Christ came here to uphold and enforce the high claims of God, rather than to lower or set them aside.  If He declared that “strait is the gate and narrow is the way that leadeth unto Life, and few there be that find it,” rather than pointing to a smooth and broad road which anyone would find it easy to tread.  If the salvation which He has provided is a deliverance from sin and self-pleasing, from worldliness and indulging the lusts of the flesh, and the bestowing of a nature which desires and determines to live for God’s glory and please Him in all the details of our present lives—then it is clear beyond dispute that none but the Spirit of God can impart a genuine desire for such a salvation.  And if instead of “accepting Christ” and “resting upon His finished work” be the sole condition of salvation, He demands that the sinner throw down the weapons of his defiance, abandon every idol, unreservedly surrender himself and his life, and receive Him as His only Lord and Master, then nothing but a miracle of grace can enable any captive of Satan’s to meet such requirements.

Objections To Total Depravity Proved False

Against what has been said above it may be objected that no such hatred of God as we have affirmed exists in the hearts of the great majority of our fellow-creatures—that while there may be a few degenerates, who have sold themselves to the Devil and are thoroughly hardened in sin, yet the remainder of mankind are friendly disposed to God, as is evident by the countless millions who have some form or other of religion.  To such an objector we reply, The fact is, dear friend, that those to whom you refer are almost entirely ignorant of the God of Scripture: they have heard that He loves everybody, is benevolently inclined toward all His creatures, and is so easy-going that in return for their religious performances will wink at their sins.  Of course, they have no hatred for such a “god” as this!  But tell them something of the character of the true God: that He hates “all the workers of iniquity” (Psalm 5:5), that He is inexorably just and ineffably holy, that He is an uncontrollable Sovereign, who “hath mercy on whom He will have mercy, and whom He will He hardeneth” (Romans 9:18), and their enmity against Him will soon be manifested—an enmity which none but the Holy Spirit can overcome.

It may be objected again that so far from the gloomy picture which we have sketched above being accurate, the great majority of people do desire to be saved (from having to suffer a penalty for their sin), and they make more or less endeavor after their salvation.  This is readily granted.  There is in every human heart a desire for deliverance from misery and a longing after happiness and security, and those who come under the sound of God’s Word are naturally disposed to be delivered from the wrath to come and wish to be assured that Heaven will be their eternal dwelling-place—who wants to endure the everlasting burnings?  But that desire and disposition is quite compatible and consistent with the greatest love to sin and most entire opposition of heart to that holiness without which no man shall see the Lord (Hebrews 12:14).  But what the objector here refers to is a vastly different thing from desiring Heaven upon God’s terms, and being willing to tread the only path which leads there!

The instinct of self-preservation is sufficiently strong to move multitudes to undertake many performances and penances in the hope that thereby they shall escape Hell.  The stronger men’s belief of the truth of Divine revelation, the more firmly they become convinced that there is a Day of Judgment, when they must appear before their Maker, and render an account of all their desires, thoughts, words and deeds, the most serious and sober will be their minds.  Let conscience convict them of their misspent lives, and they are ready to turn over a new leaf; let them be persuaded that Christ stands ready as a Fire-escape and is willing to rescue them, though the world still claims their hearts, and thousands are ready to “believe in Him.”  Yes, this is done by multitudes who still hate the true character of the Savior, and reject with all their hearts the salvation which He has. Far, far different is this from an unregenerate person longing for deliverance from self and sin, and the impartation of that holiness which Christ purchased for His people.

All around us are those willing to receive Christ as their Savior, who are altogether unwilling to surrender to Him as their Lord.  They would like His peace, but they refuse His “yoke,” without which His peace cannot be found (Matthew 11:29).  They admire His promises, but have no heart for His precepts.  They will rest upon His priestly work, but will not be subject to His kingly scepter.  They will believe in a “Christ” who is suited to their own corrupt tastes or sentimental dreams, but they despise and reject the Christ of God.  Like the multitudes of old, they want His loaves and fishes, but for His heart-searching, flesh-withering, sin-condemning teaching, they have no appetite.  They approve of Him as the Healer of their bodies, but as the Healer of their depraved souls they desire Him not.  And nothing but the miracle-working power of the Holy Spirit can change this bias and bent in any soul.

It is just because modern Christendom has such an inadequate estimate of the fearful and universal effects which the Fall has wrought, that the imperative need for the supernatural power of the Holy Spirit is now so little realized.  It is because such false conceptions of human depravity so widely prevail that, in most places, it is supposed all which is needed to save half of the community is to hire some popular evangelist and attractive singer.  And the reason why so few are aware of the awful depths of human depravity, the terrible enmity of the carnal mind against God and the heart’s inbred and inveterate hatred of Him, is because His character is now so rarely declared from the pulpit.  If the preachers would deliver the same type of messages as did Jeremiah in his degenerate age, or even as John the Baptist did, they would soon discover how their hearers were really affected toward God; and then they would perceive that unless the power of the Spirit attended their preaching they might as well be silent.

From Studies in the Scriptures, January and February 1934.

Charity never faileth: but whether there be prophecies, they shall fail; whether there be tongues, they shall cease; whether there be knowledge, it shall vanish away. 1 Corinthians 13:8

In the entire context, the drift of the apostle is, to show the superiority of charity over all the other graces of the Spirit.  And in this chapter, he sets forth its excellence by three things: first, by showing that it is the most essential thing, and that all other gifts are nothing without it; second, by showing that from it all good dispositions and behavior do arise; and, third, by showing that it is the most durable of all gifts, and shall remain when the church of God shall be in its most perfect state, and when the other gifts of the Spirit shall have vanished away.  And in the text may be observed two things: —

First, that one property of charity, by which its excellence is set forth, is, that it is unfailing and everlasting — “Charity never faileth.”  This naturally follows the last words of the preceding verse, that “charity endureth all things.”  There the apostle declares the durableness of charity, as it appears in its withstanding the shock of all the opposition that can be made against it in the world.  And now he proceeds further, and declares that charity not only endures to the end of time, but also throughout eternity — “Charity never faileth.”  When all temporal things shall have failed, this shall still abide, and abide forever.  We may also observe in the text,

Second, that herein charity is distinguished from all the other gifts of the Spirit, such as prophecy, and the gift of tongues, and the gift of knowledge, etc. — “Whether there be prophecies, they shall fail; whether there be tongues, they shall cease; whether there be knowledge, it shall vanish away;” but “charity never faileth.”  By the knowledge here spoken of, is not meant spiritual and divine knowledge in general; for surely there will be such knowledge hereafter in heaven, as well as now on earth, and vastly more than there is on earth, as the apostle expressly declares in the following verses.  The knowledge that Christians have of God, and Christ, and spiritual things, and in fact all their knowledge, as that word is commonly understood, shall not vanish away, but shall be gloriously increased and perfected in heaven, which is a world of light as well as love.  But by the knowledge which the apostle says shall vanish away, is meant a particular miraculous gift that was in the church of God in those days.  For the apostle, as we have seen, is here comparing charity with the miraculous gifts of the Spirit — those extraordinary gifts which were common in the church in those days, one of which was the gift of prophecy, and another the gift of tongues, or the power of speaking in languages that had never been learned.  Both these gifts are mentioned in the text; and the apostle says they shall fail and cease.  And another gift was the gift of knowledge, or the word of knowledge, as it is called in the eighth verse of the previous chapter, where it is so spoken of as to show that it was a different thing, both from that speculative knowledge which is obtained from reason and study, and also from that spiritual or divine knowledge that comes from the saving influence of the Holy Spirit in the soul.  It was a particular gift of the Spirit with which some persons were endowed, whereby they were enabled by immediate inspiration to understand mysteries, or the mysterious prophecies and types of the Scriptures, which the apostle speaks of in the second verse of this chapter, saying, “Though I have the gift of prophecy, and understand all mysteries, and all knowledge,” etc.  It is this miraculous gift which the apostle here says shall vanish away, together with the other miraculous gifts of which he speaks, such as prophecy, and the gift of tongues, etc.  All these were extraordinary gifts bestowed for a season for the introduction and establishment of Christianity in the world, and when this their end was gained, they were all to fail and cease.  But charity was never to cease.

Thus the apostle plainly teaches, as the doctrine of the text:

That That Great Fruit Of The Spirit, In Which The Holy Ghost Shall, Not Only For A Season, But Everlastingly, Be Communicated To The Church Of Christ, Is Charity, Or Divine Love.

That the meaning and truth of this doctrine may be better understood, I would speak to it in the four following propositions: first, The Spirit of Christ will be everlastingly given to his Church and people, to influence and dwell in them; second, There are other fruits of the Spirit besides divine love, wherein the Spirit of God is communicated to his church; third, These other fruits are but for a season, and either have already, or will at some time, cease; fourth, That charity, or divine love, is that great and unfailing fruit of the Spirit, in which his everlasting influence and indwelling in the saints, or in his church, shall appear.

  1. A. The Spirit of Christ is given to his church and people everlastingly, to influence and dwell in them.

The Holy Spirit is the great purchase, or purchased gift, of Christ.  The chief and sum of all the good things in this life and in the life to come, that are purchased for the church, is the Holy Spirit.  And as he is the great purchase, so he is the great promise, or the great thing promised by God and Christ to the church; as said the apostle Peter on the day of Pentecost (Acts 2:32, 33) — “This Jesus… being by the right hand of God exalted, and having received of the Father the promise of the Holy Ghost, he hath shed forth this, which ye now see and hear.”  And this great purchase and promise of Christ is forever to be given to his church.  He has promised that his church shall continue, and expressly declared that the gates of hell shall not prevail against it.  And that it may be preserved, he has given his Holy Spirit to every true member of it, and promised the continuance of that Spirit forever.  His own language is (John 14:16, 17), “And I will pray the Father, and he shall give you another Comforter, that he may abide with you for ever; even the Spirit of truth; whom the world cannot receive, because it seeth him not, neither knoweth him: but ye know him; for he dwelleth with you, and shall be in you.”

Man, in his first estate in Eden, had the Holy Spirit; but he lost it by his disobedience.  But a way has been provided by which it may be restored, and now it is given a second time, never more to depart from the saints.  The Spirit of God is so given to his own people as to become truly theirs.  It was, indeed, given to our first parents in their state of innocence, and dwelt with them, but not in the same sense in which it is given to, and dwells in, believers in Christ.  They had no proper right or sure title to the Spirit, and it was not finally and forever given to them, as it is to believers in Christ; for if it had been, they never would have lost it.  But the Spirit of Christ is not only communicated to those that are converted, but he is made over to them by a sure covenant, so that he is become their own.  Christ is become theirs, and therefore his fullness is theirs, and therefore his Spirit is theirs – their purchased, and promised, and sure possession.  But,

  1. B. There are other fruits of the Spirit besides that which summarily consists in charity, or divine love, wherein the Spirit of God is communicated to his church. For example,

1.  The Spirit of God has been communicated to his church in extraordinary gifts, such as the gift of miracles, the gift of inspiration, etc. — The Spirit of God seems to have been communicated to the church in such gifts, formerly to the prophets under the Old Testament, and to the apostles, and evangelists, and prophets, and to the generality of the early ministers of the gospel, and also to multitudes of common Christians, under the New Testament.  To them were given such gifts as the gift of prophecy, and the gift of tongues, and the gift called the gift of knowledge, and others mentioned in the context, and in the foregoing chapter.  And besides these,

2.  There are the common and ordinary gifts of the Spirit of God. — These, in all ages, have more or less been bestowed on many natural, unconverted men, in common convictions of sin, and common illuminations, and common religious affections, which, though they have nothing in them of the nature of divine love, or of true and saving grace, are yet the fruits of the Spirit, in the sense that they are the effect of his influences on the hearts of men.  And as to faith and hope, if there be nothing of divine love with them, there can be no more of the Spirit of God in them than is common to natural unregenerate men.  This is clearly implied by the apostle, when he says in this chapter, “Though I have all faith, so that I could remove mountains, and have not charity, I am nothing.”  All saving faith and hope have love in them as ingredients, and as their essence; and if this ingredient be taken out, there is nothing left but the body without the spirit.  It is nothing saving; but at best, only a common fruit of the Spirit.  But,

  1. C. All these other fruits of the Spirit are but for a season, and either have already ceased, or at some time will cease.

As to the miraculous gifts of prophecy and tongues, etc., they are but of a temporary use, and cannot be continued in heaven.  They were given only as an extraordinary means of grace that God was once pleased to grant to his church in the world.  But when the saints that once enjoyed the use of these means went to heaven, such means of grace ceased, for they were no longer needful.  There is no occasion for any means of grace in heaven, whether ordinary, such as the stated and common means of God’s house, or extraordinary, such as the gifts of tongues, and of knowledge, and of prophecy.  I say, there is no occasion for any of these means of grace to be continued in heaven, because there the end of all means of grace is already fully obtained in the perfect sanctification and happiness of God’s people.  The apostle, speaking in the fourth chapter of Ephesians, of the various means of grace, says that they are given “for the perfecting of the saints, for the work of the ministry, for the edifying of the body of Christ; till we all come in the unity of the faith, and of the knowledge of the Son of God, unto a perfect man.”  But when this has come to pass, and the saints are perfected, and are already come to the measure of the stature of the fullness of Christ, then there will be no further occasion for any of these means, whether ordinary or extraordinary.  It is in this respect very much as it is with the fruits of the field, which stand in need of tillage, and rain, and sunshine, till they are ripe and gathered in, and then they need them no more.

And as these miraculous gifts of the Spirit were but temporary with regard to those particular persons that enjoyed them, so they are but for a season with regard to the church of God taken as a collective body.  These gifts are not fruits of the Spirit that were given to be continued to the church throughout all ages.

These communications of the Spirit were given to make way for him who hath the Spirit without measure, the great prophet of God, by whom the Spirit is communicated to all other prophets.  And in the days of his flesh, his disciples had a measure of the miraculous gifts of the Spirit, being enabled thus to teach and to work miracles.  But after the resurrection and ascension, was the most full and remarkable effusion of the Spirit in his miraculous gifts that ever took place, beginning with the day of Pentecost, after Christ had risen and ascended to heaven.  And in consequence of this, not only here and there an extraordinary person was endowed with these extraordinary gifts, but they were common in the church, and so continued during the lifetime of the apostles, or till the death of the last of them, even the apostle John, which took place about a hundred years from the birth of Christ; so that the first hundred years of the Christian era, or the first century, was the era of miracles.

But soon after that, the canon of Scripture being completed when the apostle John had written the book of Revelation, which he wrote not long before his death, these miraculous gifts were no longer continued in the church.  For there was now completed an established written revelation of the mind and will of God, wherein God had fully recorded a standing and all-sufficient rule for his church in all ages.  And the Jewish church and nation being overthrown, and the Christian church and the last dispensation of the church of God being established, the miraculous gifts of the Spirit were no longer needed, and therefore they ceased; for though they had been continued in the church for so many ages, yet then they failed, and God caused them to fail because there was no further occasion for them.  And so was fulfilled the saying of the text, “Whether there be prophecies, they shall fail; whether there be tongues, they shall cease; whether there be knowledge, it shall vanish away.”  And now there seems to be an end to all such fruits of the Spirit as these, and we have no reason to expect them any more.  And as to those fruits of the Spirit that are common, such as the conviction, illumination, belief, etc., which are common both to the godly and ungodly, these are given in all ages of the church in the world; and yet with respect to the persons that have these common gifts, they will cease when they come to die; and with respect to the church of God considered collectively, they will cease, and there will be no more of them after the day of judgment.  I pass, then, to show, as proposed,

  1. D. That charity, or divine love, is that great fruit of the Spirit, that never fails, and in which his continued and everlasting influence and indwelling in his church shall appear and be manifest.

We have seen that the Spirit of Christ is forever given to the church of Christ, and given that it may dwell in his saints forever, in influences that shall never fail.  And therefore however many fruits of the Spirit may be but temporary, and have their limits where they fail, yet it must be that there is some way of the Spirit’s influence, and some fruit of that influence, which is unfailing and eternal.  And charity, or divine love, is that fruit, in communicating, and nourishing, and exercising which, his unfailing and eternal influences appear.  This is a fruit of the Spirit that never fails or ceases in the church of Christ, whether we consider it with respect to its particular members, or regard it as a collective body.  And,

1.  We may consider the church of Christ with respect to the particular members of which it consists. — And here it will appear that charity, or Christian love, is an unfailing fruit of the Spirit.  Every one of the true members of Christ’s invisible church is possessed of this fruit of the Spirit in the heart.  Divine or Christian love is implanted, and dwells, and reigns there, as an everlasting fruit of the Spirit, and one that never fails.  It never fails in this world, but remains through all trials and oppositions, for the apostle tells us (Rom. 8:38, 39) that nothing “shall be able to separate us from the love of God which is in Christ Jesus our Lord.”  And it ceases not when the saints come to die.  When the apostles and others of their day died and went to heaven, they left all their miraculous gifts behind them with their bodies.  But they did not leave the love that was in their hearts behind them, but carried that with them to heaven, where it was gloriously perfected.  Though when wicked men die, who have had the common influences of the Spirit, their gifts shall eternally cease, yet death never overthrows Christian love, that great fruit of the Spirit, in any that have it.  They that have it may and shall leave behind them many other fruits of the Spirit which they had in common with wicked men.  And though they shall leave all that was common in their faith, and hope, and all that did not pertain to this divine and holy love, yet this love they shall not leave behind, but it shall go with them to eternity, and shall be perfected there, and shall live and reign with perfect and glorious dominion in their souls forever and ever.  And so, again,

2.  We may consider the church of Christ collectively, or as a body. — And here, again, it will appear that charity, or Christian love, shall never fail.  Though other fruits of the Spirit fail in it, this shall never fail.  Of old, when there were interruptions of the miraculous gifts of the Spirit in the church, and when there were seasons in which no prophet or inspired person appeared that was possessed of such gifts, still there never was any total interruption of this excellent fruit or influence of the Spirit.  Miraculous gifts were intermitted through the long time extending from Malachi to near the birth of Christ; but in all this time, the influence of the Spirit, in keeping up divine love in the church, was never suspended.  As God always had a church of saints in the world, from the first creation of the church after the fall, so this influence and fruit of his Spirit never failed in it.  And when, after the completion of the canon of the Scriptures, the miraculous gifts of the Spirit seemed finally to have ceased and failed in the church, this influence of the Spirit in causing divine love in the hearts of his saints did not cease, but has been kept up through all ages from that time to this, and so will be to the end of the world.  And at the end of the world, when the church of Christ shall be settled in its last, and most complete, and its eternal state, and all common gifts, such as convictions and illuminations, and all miraculous gifts, shall be eternally at an end, yet then divine love shall not fail, but shall be brought to its most glorious perfection in every individual member of the ransomed church above.  Then, in every heart, that love which now seems as but a spark, shall be kindled to a bright and glowing flame, and every ransomed soul shall be as it were in a blaze of divine and holy love, and shall remain and grow in this glorious perfection and blessedness through all eternity!

I shall give but a single reason for the truth of the doctrine which has thus been presented.  And the great reason why it is so, that other fruits of the Spirit fail, and the great fruit of love remains, is, that love is the great end of all the other fruits and gifts of the Spirit. The principle and the exercises of divine love in the heart, and the fruits of it in the conduct, and the happiness that consists in and flows from it – these things are the great end of all the fruits of the Spirit that fail.  Charity or divine love is the end, to which all the inspiration, and all the miraculous gifts that ever were in the world, are but the means.  They were only means of grace, but charity or divine love is grace itself; and not only so, but the sum of all grace.  Revelation and miracles were never given for any other end but only to promote holiness, and build up the kingdom of Christ in men’s hearts; but Christian love is the sum of all holiness, and its growth is but the growth of Christ’s kingdom in the soul.  The extraordinary fruits of the Spirit were given for revealing and confirming the word and will of God, that men by believing might be conformed to that will: and they were valuable and good only so far as they tended to this end.  And hence when that end was obtained, and when the canon of the Scriptures, the great and powerful means of grace, was completed, and the ordinances of the New Testament and of the last dispensation were fully established, the extraordinary gifts ceased, and came to an end, as being no further useful.  Miraculous gifts being a means to a further end, they are good no further than as they tend to that end.  But divine love is that end itself, and therefore remains when the means to it cease. The end is not only a good, but the highest kind of good in itself, and therefore remains forever.  So it is with respect to the common gifts of the Spirit that are given in all ages, such as illumination, conviction, etc.  They have no good in themselves, and are no further good than as they tend to promote that grace and holiness which radically and summarily consist in divine love; and therefore when this end is once fully answered, there shall be an end forever of these common gifts, while divine love, which is the end of them all, shall eternally remain.

From Charity and Its Fruits, Lecture XV, “The Holy Spirit Forever To Be Communicated To The Saints, In The Grace Of Charity, Or Divine Love.”